Context is Key

Abstract

Western European countries have seen a major rise in the diversity of their population over the past few decades. At the same time, the ideas of tolerance, acceptance and respect which provided the main components of multiculturalism in the 1990s have been challenged by increasing polarization within society, with immigration representing a topic of heated debates. Despite decreasing (youth) crime rates, immigration is often linked to crime in these debates, and more particularly the overrepresentation in crime statistics of specific groups of young first and second generation children of immigrants. Delinquent development is often directly related to their cultural background, but this association ignores other dynamics in delinquent development such as the influence of more structural socioeconomic and institutional factors. Also most attention is focused on these young people as offenders of criminal behavior, but not as possible victims of crime. This thesis uses data from the third wave of the International Self-Report Delinquency study, a large study among 11 to 16 year old high school students across more than 30 countries, to examine victimization and offending among native and migrant young people and related explanations across different developmental contexts in Western European countries.

Association of CSF α-Synuclein Seed Amplification Assay Positivity with Disease Progression and Cognitive Decline: A Longitudinal Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative Study

“…Immunostaining of brain tissues for tau and αsyn antibodies has revealed a higher burden of α-syn pathology in AD with LBs (AD+LB) compared to PD dementia cases. Interestingly, the pathological tau load was found to be similar or even slightly lower in AD+LB compared to AD alone, with co-localization of phosphorylated tau and α-syn within astrocytes in the middle temporal gyrus [39]. In contrast, autopsy literature on PD frequently reports concurrent deposition of α-syn and tau, reflecting a complex interplay that may differ from AD pathology.…”

Equal Sharing of Care: Evidence Review

“…Paid parental leave is important because it is implemented at such a critical point in the lifecourse -childbirth, and thus has the ability to influence parental behaviour 21 , and can drive attitudinal shifts 22 . In a recent survey of 12,000 people across 15 countries i it was found that 87 percent of mothers and 85 percent of fathers think that taking paid care leave will benefit both their partner and children 4 . ii This includes casual employees that have worked on a regular basis for the previous 12 months and that are expected to con:nue this work.…”

“…Overall, 56 percent of new fathers did not seek information or support from any source during stressful periods. However, it is reported that men who take care of their emotional selves are 2 to 8 times more likely to care for a family member 4 . Hence, we can see a positive correlation between men taking care of their mental health, and their engagement and capacity to provide care to others.…”

“…In 2020, the Pew Research Centre reported that 72 percent of participants interviewed from 34 countries around the world say that a marriage where both the husband and wife have jobs and take care of the house and children is more satisfying than a life where the husband provides for the family and the wife takes care of the house and children 19 . However, globally, only 19 percent of men spend their total non-leisure time on unpaid work compared to 55 percent of women 4 .…”

“…However, new fatherhood is challenging these historical perceptions of parenting by redefining and highlighting men's capacity to provide nurturing and equally enriching care to young children as women 1,2 . As this review will show, recent research indicates that the positive impact of engaged fathering extends beyond simply benefiting children and fathers themselves; it also positively affects their partners, communities, and workplaces [3][4][5] . To achieve an equal sharing of care, men must step into these roles and become actively engaged fathers who are committed to challenging traditional gender norms and proactively participating in all aspects of caregiving.…”