Context influence on the perception of figures as conditional upon perceptual organization strategies

Stins, John F.; Leeuwen, Cees van

doi:10.3758/bf03211713

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Yet as has been demonstrated repeatedly (Freeman, Driver, Sagi, & Zhaoping, 2003;Hogeboom & van Leeuwen, 1997;Stins & van Leeuwen, 1993;van Leeuwen & Bakker, 1995;van Leeuwen & van de Hof, 1991), these processes do depend on strategy. A specific theory of these top-down influences on early visual perception has been proposed in van Leeuwen and Bakker, and a computational model has been provided in van Leeuwen, Steyvers, and Nooter (1997).…”

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confidence: 82%

Negative and positive congruence effects in letters and shapes

Leeuwen

Lachmann

2004

Perception & Psychophysics

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In six experiments in which a binary classification task was used, letter and nonletter (geometrical shapes, pseudoletters, or rotated letters) targets were presented either in isolation or surrounded by a geometrical shape. The surrounding shape could be congruent or incongruent with the target. When the classification required a distinction between letters and nonletters, either explicitly (Experiments 1-3) or implicitly (Experiment 4), a negative congruence effect was obtained for letters, contrasting with a regular, positive congruence effect for nonletters. When no distinction was to be made, letters and nonletters invariably showed a positive congruence effect (Experiments 5 and 6). In particular, between Experiments 1-4 and Experiments 5 and 6, the occurrence of negative or positive congruence effects for the same stimuli depended on the task. Feature interaction, target selection, and response competition explanations were tested against a feature integration approach. The results are explained in terms of different feature integration strategies for letters and nonletters. CONGRUENCE IN LETTERS AND SHAPES909 sults of even these earliest studies cannot be understood fully on the basis of feature interaction alone. For instance, in Estes (1982), the effect of target-flanker similarity was minimal at an intermediate degree of similarity, a result Estes ascribed to the mediation of higher order processes. These processes are likely to involve task-specific factors.In particular, we may consider the role of task-specific factors in attentional target selection. Distractor information competes for selection when the perceiver is allocating attention to the target. This effect, too, will be stronger the more similar in shape the nontarget is to the target. When the stimulus is complex, the task is difficult, and distractors competing for attention may sometimes have to be suppressed while a target is selected. This provides another possible source of negative congruence effects. Accordingly, the time it takes to classify a target is longer if it is surrounded by nontargets of similar shape than if it is surrounded by ones of different shape (Bavelier, Deruelle, & Proksch, 2000;Briand, 1994;van Leeuwen & Bakker, 1995). These effects contrast with those usually obtained in more simple displays, where the time it takes to classify a target is shorter when congruent distractors surround it than when it is surrounded by incongruent ones. The latter, positive congruence effects have been studied extensively and are generally attributed to competition of late response-related processes (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974). According to the literature, these effects are characteristic of simple stimuli, because when the task is easy (Lavie, 1995), attention recruited for feature integration (Treisman & Gelade, 1980) spills over to irrelevant stimulus attributes. When these call for a response opposite to that of the target, response competition will result.In sum, the effects of irrelevant surrounding information are commonly ex...

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confidence: 82%

Negative and positive congruence effects in letters and shapes

Leeuwen

Lachmann

2004

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…It has been demonstrated that image features are differentially processed on the neural level with changing context (Albright & Stoner, 2002), and cells as early as V1 reflect past experience (Lee, Yang, Romero, & Mumford, 2002). For composite figures, their interpretation may change depending on experimental context (Peterson & Hochberg, 1983;Stins & van Leeuwen, 1993), spatial context (Rauschenberger et al, 2004), and temporal context (Joseph & Nakayama, 1999;Zemel et al, 2002). In addition, temporal context can directly influence ongoing completion processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Would the first one influence the visual processing of the second, even though neither of them were targets of the task? If such an effect was present, it would result in a superadditive facilitation by the first and second figures on the task (Stins & van Leeuwen, 1993), and this result could be understood as an indicator that the first nontarget figure primed the second.…”

Section: Asymmetric Priming Effects In Visual Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetric priming effects in visual processing of occlusion patterns

Plomp

Leeuwen

2006

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Meanwhile it can be concluded that the global/local interference may have an origin in the degree of physical similarity of the global and local levels. Stins and van Leeuwen (1993) proposed that perception is regulated by the unconditional recognition of a fixed set of components and mandatory integration of them into higher order structures. According to these workers context effects occur when subjects employ an integrative perceptual organisation.…”

Section: Similarity Of the Global And Local Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of eccentricity and size in the global precedence effect.

Amirkhiabani¹,

Lovegrove²

1996

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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SOURCES STATEMENT I certify that the thesis entitled The Role o f Eccentricity and Size in the Global PrecedenceEffect, and submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, is the result of my own research, except where otherwise acknowledged, and that this thesis (or any part of the same) has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other university or institution. Navon (1977) purposed that global configurations are processed more quickly than are local components. Kinchla and Wolfe (1979) demonstrated that this global precedence was lost when the global stimuli exceeded 6-9 degrees of visual angle. Navon and Norman (1983) noted that Kinchla and Wolfe confounded size and eccentricity. They attempted to unconfound these two variables and concluded that global precedence was found with both large and small stimuli when eccentricity was not a confound.It is argued that the controversy in the global precedence hypothesis has partially resulted from the fact that the concepts of the global and local and the attributed relationship between these two vary in different experiments and among workers. In the present study a new approach to global-local relationships was introduced. Global-local relationships were classified into four groups: Inclusion, placeholder, dimensional, and featural relationships. Any of these relationships may or may not be accompanied by a semantic relationship between the global and local levels. The Stroop-type interference of the global and local levels refers to some sort of conventional semantic relationship between the levels. Based on an extensive study of the literature it was suggested that the perception of the global and local levels of a compound pattern is dependent on the type of relationship between two levels. The presented study was limited to test the effect of size and eccentricity of the compound pattern on the processing of the global and local levels with inclusion and placeholder relationships.Debate is still very active regarding the global precedence effect. The present study questioned the initial logic behind this hypothesis about the equal recognisability of the global and local levels, an axiom which has been accepted without being tested. This was investigated in a series of experiments by considering the effects of eccentricity and size and their possible interaction on the processing of the two structural levels, using compound patterns of placeholder and inclusion relationships. Furthermore, the possible iii effect of size/eccentricity uncertainty on the temporal order of processing of the global and local levels and patterns of response times were examined across eccentricity. The results showed a global advantage regardless of attentional strategies or experimental presentation conditions when the eccentricity was controlled. The study of Stroop-type interference between the global and local levels indicated a discontinuity in global/local interference with variations in size and eccentricity. It seems that size and eccentricity are the main determina...

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Context influence on the perception of figures as conditional upon perceptual organization strategies

Cited by 36 publications

References 26 publications

Negative and positive congruence effects in letters and shapes

Negative and positive congruence effects in letters and shapes

Asymmetric priming effects in visual processing of occlusion patterns

Role of eccentricity and size in the global precedence effect.

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