Context-Dependent Cheating: Experimental Evidence from 16 Countries

Pascual‐Ezama, David; Fosgaard, Toke Reinholt; Cárdenas, Juan-Camilo; Kujal, Praveen; Veszteg, Róbert F.; Liaño, Beatriz Gil-Gómez de; Gunia, Brian C.; Weichselbaumer, Doris; Hilken, Katharina; Antinyan, Armenak; Delnoij, Joyce; Proestakis, Antonios; Tira, Michael D.; Pratomo, Yulius; Jaber-López, Tarek; Brañas–Garza, Pablo

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2579926

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The study of dishonest behavior has been the focus of a thriving research field for the last two or three decades. The fact that many people engage in dishonesty is well documented in this literature, although typically people do not cheat at the maximum possible level (Gneezy, 2005;Mazar et al, 2008;Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi, 2013;Fosgaard et al, 2013;Pascual-Ezama et al, 2015;Abeler et al, 2016;Jacobsen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Students Cheat More: Comparing the Dishonesty of a Student Sample and a Representative Sample in the Laboratory*

Fosgaard

2019

Scandinavian J Economics

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Unethical behavior has been found in numerous experiments, yet mainly among university students. The use of student participants is potentially problematic for generalizability and the resulting policy recommendations. In this paper, I report on an experiment with potential dishonesty. The experiment was completed by a representative non‐student sample and a student sample. The results show that cheating does exist, but also that students cheat systematically more. This suggests that focusing on students as participants tends to overestimate the magnitude of cheating. I further find that age is an important explanation for this difference in dishonesty. The older the participants are, the less they cheat.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…A clear conjecture from the existing literature concerning dishonesty is that cheating will occur, but at relatively low levels (Mazar et al, 2008;Fischbacher and Föllmi-Heusi, 2013;Pascual-Ezama et al, 2015). Therefore, I expect that participants will overclaim their earnings, but will not systematically claim the maximum level.…”

Section: Cheatingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Students Cheat More: Comparing the Dishonesty of a Student Sample and a Representative Sample in the Laboratory*

Fosgaard

2019

Scandinavian J Economics

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“…2013). Most studies investigate individuals from one single country (Allmon et al 2000), such as, Canada (Widelman 2009), China (Ma et al 2013), Hungary (Orosz et al 2013, Japan (Kobayashi and Fukushima 2012), South Korea (Park et al 2013), UK (Kirland 2009), and the US (Gino and Wiltermuth 2014;Premeaux 2010), with some exceptions (Pascual-Ezama et al 2015;Salter et al 2001;Tang et al 2011Tang et al , 2015. In this study, we incorporate social bonding theory.…”

Section: Theory and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, emotional cues and situational contexts play important roles in individuals' cheating and dishonesty across global economic pyramid Pascual-Ezama et al 2015;Tang et al 2011Tang et al , 2015. Based on 6382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents, results suggest that managers in good barrels (high CEV-Corporate Ethical Values/high CPI-Corruption Perceptions Index), mixed barrels (low CEV/high CPI or high CEV/low CPI), and bad barrels (low CEV/low CPI) exhibit low, medium, and high magnitude of dishonesty, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Bad Company Corrupt Good Morals? Social Bonding and Academic Cheating among French and Chinese Teens

Gentina

Tang

2015

J Bus Ethics

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A well-known common wisdom asserts that strong social bonds undermine delinquency. However, there is little empirical evidence to substantiate this assertion regarding adolescence academic cheating across cultures. In this study, we adopt social bonding theory and develop a theoretical model involving four social bonds (parental attachment, academic commitment, peer involvement, and moral values) and adolescence self-reported academic cheating behavior and cheating perception. Based on 913 adolescents (average age = 15.88) in France (n = 429) and China (n = 484), we show that parental attachment, academic commitment, and moral values curb academic cheating; counterintuitively, peer involvement contributes to cheating. We test our theoretical model across culture and gender, separately, using multi-group analyses. For French teens, peer involvement encourages and moral values undermine cheating; for Chinese adolescents, all four social bonds contribute to cheating, similar to the whole sample. For girls, parental attachment deters, but peer involvement enhances cheating. For boys, parental attachment is the only social bond that does not affect cheating. We treat social integration (popularity) as a mediator of the relationship between peer involvement and social bonds that construct, in turn, is related to cheating and ask: Considering popularity, who are likely to cheat? Our answers provide an interesting paradox: Popularity matters, yet popular French girls and unpopular Chinese boys are likely to cheat. Social sharing is a positive pro-social behavior in consumer behavior. However, academic cheating and rule breaking, reflecting self-serving altruism and the red sneakers effect, at a very young age may have the potential to grow into the Enron Effect later in their lives as executives in organizations. We shed new lights on both the bright and dark sides of social bonds on cheating, demonstrate bad company corrupts good morals, differently, across culture and gender, and provide practical implications to social bonding, business ethics, and cheating.

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“…Since many studies (Pascual-Ezama et al, 2015) concluded that individuals tend to cheat more in the absence of external monitoring, then tightening laws and legislations against corruption is essential to compact it. Usually a person tends to trade-off the benefits from corrupt behaviour against the penalties if caught and punished.…”

Section: The Legislation Approach: Increase the Risk Of Corrupt Actsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical analysis of corruption in Sudan: Causes, diagnostics, consequences, and remedies

Elamin¹

2019

Afr. J. Pol. Sci. Int. Relat.

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This study is a descriptive and a theoretical analysis of corruption in Sudan. Given the causes and current level of corruption in the country, the current paper aims to determine some of the possible remedies of corruption. The study investigates the political, economic, social and legislative factors that contribute to the spread of corruption in the county. It analyzes-based on the literature-whether corruption is contagious and if corruption does corrupt. In addition, it suggests that the absence of the rule of law, collectivist nature of Sudanese society, in addition to the low pay cheque of civil servants contribute to the spread of petty corruption in the country. Lessons learned from success stories in fighting against corruption such as Hong Kong and Singapore as well as stories of failure from other countries are also presented. The research concludes by suggesting a holistic strategy that includes legislative, educational, business and economic dimensions to fight corruption in Sudan. Needless to say, nothing can really be accomplished without a strong will and commitment from the leadership. Although this paper considers Sudan as a case study, its suggested strategy is completely generic and applicable in all other countries that suffer from a high level of corruption.

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Context-Dependent Cheating: Experimental Evidence from 16 Countries

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Students Cheat More: Comparing the Dishonesty of a Student Sample and a Representative Sample in the Laboratory*

Students Cheat More: Comparing the Dishonesty of a Student Sample and a Representative Sample in the Laboratory*

Does Bad Company Corrupt Good Morals? Social Bonding and Academic Cheating among French and Chinese Teens

A theoretical analysis of corruption in Sudan: Causes, diagnostics, consequences, and remedies

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