Context and Spatial Nuance Inside a Neighborhood's Drug Hotspot: Implications for the Crime–Health Nexus

Curtis, Andrew; Curtis, Jacqueline; Porter, Lauren; Jefferis, Eric; Shook, Eric

doi:10.1080/24694452.2016.1164582

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…KDE is a commonly applied technique in epidemiology, with several examples using mosquito-related data, including previous research in Cali, Colombia [ 32 , 33 , 93 ]. KDE has also been used to map out SV and SVG data [ 40 , 55 ]. Each KDE was classified into ten equal breaks, and these were used to determine the contouring bands.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Software written at Kent State University is then used to produce mapped layers from these transcribed commentaries. If there are enough SVGs (the depth scenario), key words can be queried out as a point layer and used as input for more traditional spatial analysis [ 55 ]. Alternatively, a single expert is used to cover multiple spaces (the breadth scenario) and to provide institutional insight where none exists [ 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCali, Colombia has experienced chikungunya and Zika outbreaks and hypoendemic dengue. Studies have explained Cali’s dengue patterns but lack the sub-neighborhood-scale detail investigated here.MethodsSpatial-video geonarratives (SVG) with Ministry of Health officials and Community Health Workers were collected in hotspots, providing perspective on perceptions of why dengue, chikungunya and Zika hotspots exist, impediments to control, and social outcomes. Using spatial video and Google Street View, sub-neighborhood features possibly contributing to incidence were mapped to create risk surfaces, later compared with dengue, chikungunya and Zika case data.ResultsSVG captured insights in 24 neighborhoods. Trash and water risks in Calipso were mapped using SVG results. Perceived risk factors included proximity to standing water, canals, poverty, invasions, localized violence and military migration. These risks overlapped case density maps and identified areas that are suitable for transmission but are possibly underreporting to the surveillance system.ConclusionResulting risk maps with local context could be leveraged to increase vector-control efficiency- targeting key areas of environmental risk.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Comparable approaches in the humanities include spatial ethnography (Kim 2015), and the work of Kawano and colleagues (2016) whose ethnographies, though contributing to a thick mapping approach, do not encode spatial features directly within the narrative. SVG is an environmentally immersive technique as sights, sounds and even smells trigger memories that are then tied to a geocoded location (Curtis et al 2015(Curtis et al , 2016(Curtis et al , 2018. The SVG differs from other immersive techniques in that video is simultaneously collected, meaning that subsequent virtual rides can retrace the interview.…”

Section: Spatial Video Geonarrativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, SVG has been utilized in various data challenged environments to elicit understanding of events, processes, and emotions from an individual's perspective. This approach has been used to compare community and police perspectives for the same space (Curtis et al 2016), capture the thoughts and perspectives of those experiencing recovery after a disaster (Curtis et al 2015), tapping into the institutional knowledge of an environmental health specialist (Krystosik et al 2017), understanding the day-to-day experiences of society's most marginalized (Curtis et al 2015), or providing a means to display a neighborhood voice.…”

Section: Spatial Video Geonarrativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Spatial Context to the April 17, 1975 Evacuation of Phnom Penh: How Spatial Video Geonarratives Can Geographically Enrich Genocide Testimony

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between 1975 and 1979, upwards of two million men, women, and children perished from starvation, disease, exhaustion, inadequate medical care, torture, murder, and execution during the Cambodian genocide. Within this context, the forced evacuation of Phnom Penh has figured prominently in the literature, especially with regard to the violence encountered on the route. To date, however, there has been no empirical reconstruction of the evacuation. Here we address this deficiency, while simultaneously presenting a novel geospatial approach that can be utilized to collect, map and analyze interviews in a more appropriate manner than by more traditional geographic information systems (GIS) use. We utilize a spatial video geonarrative to provide a geographically-supported reconstruction of the forced evacuation of Phnom Penh through the collection of first-hand accounts taken while retracing the route. We add previously unavailable, contextualized, spatial insights to this forced evacuation, including findings on why the bridges acted as choke points, leading to increased violence. Moreover, in some instances the direction of the march turned back towards the city because of the road configuration which again led to a choke point as two columns merged. In presenting these types of contextualized, spatial details we contribute to both the specifics of the Cambodian genocide, and to how thick mapping and inductive visualization can enrich similar research in the humanities Key Words: Cambodian genocide, forced evacuation, GIS, spatial video geonarrative. Genocide testimony is vital in terms of remembering, understanding, prosecuting, and then archiving horrific events (Caswell 2014; Weld 2014). Yet while the focus on these testimonies is, understandably, the perspective of the individual, what receives less attention is the detailing of the spatial-specifically, understanding the places of importance and the geographic context in which events occurred. For example, between 1975 and 1979 upwards of two million men, women, and children perished from starvation, disease, exhaustion, inadequate medical care, torture, murder, and execution during the Cambodian genocide (de Walque 2006; Heuveline 1998; Vickery 1988). One of the beginning phases of this genocide was the forced evacuation of Phnom Penh and other cities. Figure 1 displays the generalized movement of people away from urban centers under Khmer Rouge rule and in so doing it appears to support the perspective of urbicide, which is the deliberate targeting and destruction of urban forms (cf. Coates 2005; McIntyre 1996).

show abstract

“…Sometimes, for more granular data, hot spot mapping is employed (Anselin 1995;Ord & Getis 1995;Kulldorff 1997), usually utilizing a geographic information system (GIS) to tease out patterns in the surveillance. These analytical methods continually evolve through conceptual advances such as incorporating context or developing new eld methods and the associated spatial software (e.g., Kwan 2012, Curtis et al 2016). However, COVID presents a novel spatial health challenge because it not only transmits at a high rate, it also can have a long pre-symptomatic time period in which it can spread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographic Monitoring for Early Disease Detection (GeoMEDD)

Ajayakumar

Curtis

Mihalik

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract Identifying emergent patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the local level presents a geographic challenge that is not ideally addressed using traditional spatial clustering approaches. The need is not only to identify statistically significant spatial patterns, but also develop a surveillance system to identify small numbers of cases emerging in vulnerable settings. This paper presents an approach that has been used to provide near-real time assessments of emergent disease to guide a hospital system’s intervention strategy: Geographic Monitoring for Early Disease Detection (GeoMEDD). Through integration of a spatial database and two types of clustering algorithms, GeoMEDD has the flexibility to scale in terms of required minimum members, connecting distance between cases, and time frame under consideration. GeoMEDD, has proven effective in revealing different cluster influencers and accelerators that give insight as to why the cluster exists where it does, and why it expands.

show abstract

Context and Spatial Nuance Inside a Neighborhood's Drug Hotspot: Implications for the Crime–Health Nexus

Cited by 22 publications

References 52 publications

Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia

Community context and sub-neighborhood scale detail to explain dengue, chikungunya and Zika patterns in Cali, Colombia

Adding Spatial Context to the April 17, 1975 Evacuation of Phnom Penh: How Spatial Video Geonarratives Can Geographically Enrich Genocide Testimony

Geographic Monitoring for Early Disease Detection (GeoMEDD)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About