Contents of Ag and other metals in food-contact plastics with nanosilver or Ag ion and their migration into food simulants

Abstract

Six nanosilver-labelled products and five silver ion (Ag(+))-labelled products were investigated to measure the migration of Ag from food-contact plastics, including nanosilver into various food simulants. The products were obtained in Japanese markets in 2012. Zinc (Zn), another major antimicrobial agent, and three harmful metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), were also examined. Ag and Zn were detected in all six nanosilver products at concentrations of 21-200 and 8.4-140 mg kg(-1), respectively. These metals were also detected in all five Ag(+) products at the same level as nanosilver products. Cd, Pb and As were not detected in any sample. Migrations of Ag and Zn were highest in 4% acetic acid, but also observed in water and 20% ethanol. Big differences were not observed in the migration ratio between nanosilver products and Ag(+) products. The ultrafiltration experiments suggested that the Ag that migrated from nanosilver products into 4% acetic acid was in its ionic form, while that into water and 20% ethanol was in its nanoparticle form.

Changes of thermal properties and microstructure of nano‐ZnO/polylactic acid composite films during Zn migration

“…The Kawamura reported that the migration of Zn from food contact plastics into food simulants (distilled water, 4% acetic acid, and 20% ethanol) was highest in 4% acetic acid because of the higher tendency of ionization. 31 In this experiment, the results showed that Zn was more easily dissolved in 10% (v/v) ethanol than in organic solution.…”

“…Nattinee Bumbudsanpharoke et al studied the migration of Zn from nanocomposite films into food simulants (distilled water, 4% acetic acid [ w / v ], 50% ethanol [ v /v], and n‐heptane) and found that the migration levels of Zn were highest in 4% acetic acid because of the higher solubility 30 . Furthermore, Ozaki, Kishi, Ooshima, Hase, and Kawamura reported that the migration of Zn from food contact plastics into food simulants (distilled water, 4% acetic acid, and 20% ethanol) was highest in 4% acetic acid because of the higher tendency of ionization 31 . In this experiment, the results showed that Zn was more easily dissolved in 10% ( v /v) ethanol than in organic solution.…”

Bactericidal and Fungistatic Properties of LDPE Modified with a Biocide Containing Metal Nanoparticles

“…Research by Bott et al [ 53 ] showed that polymeric material additives with larger particle sizes have higher migration. Ozaki et al [ 54 ] found the highest migration of Ag and Zn particles in 4% acetic acid, although significant values were also obtained after incubation of the samples in water and 20% ethanol. Researchers found a greater proportion of Ag in the form of nanoparticles in acetic acid and in its ionic form in the remaining media.…”

Development of Active Barrier Multilayer Films Based on Electrospun Antimicrobial Hot-Tack Food Waste Derived Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and Cellulose Nanocrystal Interlayers

“…Similar results were reported by EFSA [62] where the migration of zinc into 3% (wt/vol) acetic acid was high, up to 17.3 mg/kg, whereas in 10%(vol/vol) ethanol it was up to 80 µg/kg. Furthermore, Ozaki et al [63] evaluated the migration of zinc from food contact plastics into food simulant such as distillate water, 4% acetic acid, and 20% ethanol, finding that zinc migration was higher in 4% acetic acid due to the higher tendency of ionization. On the other hand, our previous research work evaluated the ZnONPs migration from electrospun active monolayer films of PHA containing 2.5 wt.% OEO + 2.25 wt.% ZnONPs [24], showing a migration value in acidic solution of 6.05 ± 0.81 mg/L and of 0.61 ± 0.1 mg/L in alcoholic solution.…”