Contents and sources of DDT impurities in dicofol formulations in Turkey

Turgut, Cafer; Gökbulut, Cengiz; Cutright, Teresa J.

doi:10.1007/s11356-008-0083-3

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The simulation was repeated by varying one input parameter at a time to 10% above and below its FAV. The sensitivity (S) is calculated based on the changes in ACP 10 air with reference to its calculated baseline level using the following equation:…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Inventory, Long-Range Transport and Environmental Distribution of Dicofol

Liu

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The uncertainties on whether dicofol can be identified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in terms of its long-range transport (LRT) potential and global distribution, are always a controversial topic during international regulation deliberations. The lack of monitoring data in remote background regions necessitates a model-based evaluation approach for assessing the global distribution of dicofol. However, few model simulations are available at present, as there is no inventory available for global historical usage of dicofol that has sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution. To describe the current status of global emission, we first developed an inventory of global dicofol usage for the period of 2000-2012 at 1° × 1° latitude/longitude resolution. We then assessed the LRT potential of dicofol by calculating its Arctic Contamination Potential using the Globo-POP model. In addition, we simulated the global mass distribution and the fate of dicofol in the environment using the BETR-Global model at 15° × 15° latitude/longitude resolution. Our estimated inventory established that over the period of 13 years, a total of 28.2 kilo tonnes (kt) of dicofol was applied and released into the environment. East and Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean Coast, and Northern and Central America were identified as hotspots of usage and release. Dicofol exhibited a higher Arctic Contamination Potential than several confirmed Arctic contaminants, and a larger current volume of consumption than most existing POPs. The results of our BETR-Global simulation suggest that (i) dicofol can indeed be transported northward, most likely driven by both atmospheric and oceanic advections from source regions at midlatitudes, and (ii) dicofol will be enriched in remote background regions. Continuous use of dicofol in source regions will result in exposure both locally and in remote regions, and the examination of the potential for adverse effects is therefore of paramount importance. Proactive restrictions at the international level may be warranted.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Inventory, Long-Range Transport and Environmental Distribution of Dicofol

Liu

2014

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In some regions, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are still found in surface soils, and DDT accounts for approximately 93% of the total OCPs content (Tao et al 2005;Xing et al 2009). Studies have shown that soil concentrations of DDT are a result of not only historical use, but also more recent depositions (Wang et al 2007), dicofol serves as a continuing source of DDT contamination (Turgut et al 2009), the total DDT content of the formulated dicofol was found between 0.3 and 14.3%. A large amount of DDT remains in the soil and sediments in agricultural regions at an average concentration estimated to range from 38.66 to163.20 lg kg -1 (Gong et al 2003;Zhu et al 2005), which is 77.3-325 times higher than the national soil quality standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and degradation ability of the DDT-degrading bacterial strain KK

Xie

Zhu

et al. 2010

Environ Earth Sci

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A 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT)-degrading bacterium was isolated from soil samples that had been enriched with DDT over a prolonged period of time; these samples were collected from the sewer sludge of a pesticide factory and from DDT-contaminated fields. This consortium was acclimated by repeated passage through a mineral salt medium containing increasing concentrations of DDT. We examined the effects of various factors such as the pH, temperature, concentration of DDT, and the presence of an additional carbon source on the degradation rate of DDT. Based on the analysis of the phenotype, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA, the strain KK was identified to belong to the bacteria Alcaligenes. The results showed that at the end of 10 days, the rate of degradation of DDT by the strain KK was 66.5%. When the additional carbon source concentration, pH, concentration of DDT, and cultivation temperature is 0.5%, 6, 10 mg l -1 , and 30°C, respectively, the biodegradation rate peaks. The results also suggested that (1) bacterial growth increases positively with an increase in the carbon source concentration; (2) the appropriate pH is between 8.0 and 10.0; and (3) the optimal temperature and DDT concentration are 30°C and 10 mg l -1 , respectively.

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“…Values ranging from 1.3 to 9.3 (mean of 7.0) have been reported for formulated dicofol in China (Qiu et al, 2005), while median values of o,p 0 -DDT/p,p 0 -DDT in dicofol produced in Italy and Turkey were 4.75 and 0.2, respectively (Di Muccio et al, 1988;Turgut et al, 2009). In the present study, four formulated dicofol mixtures used in Spain were analyzed for DDT and its derivatives of which, only one showed o,p 0 -DDT concentrations above quantification limit, with a o,p 0 -DDT/p,p 0 -DDT ratio of 4.57 (Table S4).…”

Section: Dicofol-type Versus Technical Ddt Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Enantiomeric fraction and isomeric composition to assess sources of DDT residues in soils

2015

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Chiral pesticides such as o,p'-DDT can undergo enantioselective microbial degradation in soil. Hence, the enantiomeric fraction (EF) of o,p'-DDT was used as an approach to assess potential recent inputs of DDT in the lower part of the Ebro River basin (NE Spain), a region heavily impacted by agricultural and industrial activities, including a dicofol production and a chloro-alkali plants. The EFs of five out of nineteen soils were not different from the racemic value (0.505±0.010), confirming that the Ebro River and some of its tributaries, Segre and Cinca rivers, transported fresh DDT residues despite its ban in Spain during the 90 s. o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT ratios in soils suggest that recent use of technical DDT and/or DDT-contaminated dicofol may be responsible for the fresh DDT inputs in the Segre River, while in the Ebro River, they indicate a dominant contribution of technical DDT, likely related to the residues accumulated by the chloro-alkali plant discharges.

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Contents and sources of DDT impurities in dicofol formulations in Turkey

Abstract: DDT has been found in soil, water, and air samples. Dicofol has been identified as a contributor to continued DDT contamination in soil and water. More studies are needed to ascertain the source of DDT in the air.

Cited by 50 publications

References 18 publications

Global Inventory, Long-Range Transport and Environmental Distribution of Dicofol

Global Inventory, Long-Range Transport and Environmental Distribution of Dicofol

Isolation and degradation ability of the DDT-degrading bacterial strain KK

Enantiomeric fraction and isomeric composition to assess sources of DDT residues in soils

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