“…Reyes, V., M., Lujan, V., W., R., Rodríguez, O., F., S., Jiménez, J., R., R., Within this framework of complexity, the COVID-19 pandemic also generated new contexts in the field of education (Albar, 2023;Omotov, 2023), involving factors such as the use of methodologies initially based on e-learning, which have evolved to hybrid formats, demanding digital competencies for teachers and students, who initially resisted the implementation of a virtual education (Burke & Fedorek et al, 2017;Attarabeen et al, 2021;Divjak et al, 2022). This also boosted the teaching and learning process based on educational models, such as the inverted classrooms or Flipped Classroom (FC) of Constructivist style, with an active and learner-centered approach (Bergmann & Sams, 2012;Aşiksoy & Özdamli, 2016;Alqahtani et al, 2023), which, without being of recent postulations, have been taken up by the contextual conditions of the pandemic (Reyes et al, 2020;Divjak et al, 2022).…”