Content of toxic components of cigarette, cigarette smoke vs cigarette butts: A comprehensive systematic review

Soleimani, Farshid; Dobaradaran, Sina; De-la-Torre, Gabriel Enrique; Schmidt, Torsten; Saeedi, Reza

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152667

Cited by 150 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…Cigarette smoke contains various metals, including oxidants and pro-oxidants, that can generate free radicals and increase oxidative stress. 11 , 43 In this study, we found a high expression of IL-6, conversely a lower SOD in smokers than the non-smoker group. Cigarette smoke is an essential factor in increasing free radicals in the body.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

Kumboyono¹,

Chomsy²,

Hakim³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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Purpose Smoking is a significant risk factor in developing cardiovascular disease pathogenesis through oxidative stress and inflammation mechanisms. This study used cotinine as a biomarker of nicotine exposure levels in the body, which was associated with levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) as markers of oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. The research aimed to analyze the effect of cotinine levels on the expression of IL-6 and SOD. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design on 200 subjects, consisting 100 smokers and 100 non-smokers. Cotinine levels, IL-6 expression, and SOD were measured from the blood serum of each subject using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Then the data were analyzed using Generalized Structured Component Analysis (GSCA). Results There was a significant effect of cotinine levels on the reduction of SOD mediated by IL-6 (CR = 4.006). Cotinine levels also increased IL-6 mediated by SOD (CR = 4.292). The structural model shows that higher cotinine levels will increase IL-6 expression, and conversely, SOD expression will decrease. Conclusion High cotinine levels cause an increase in the inflammatory process and oxidative stress in the vasculature of smokers, which is characterized by high IL-6 expression and low SOD expression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

Kumboyono¹,

Chomsy²,

Hakim³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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“…Other studies focused on a single type of litter. For instance, the abundance of cigarette butts in touristic beaches has been investigated due to the potential release of highly toxic chemicals, such as heavy metals, aliphatic and unsaturated hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, among others ( Asensio-Montesinos et al, 2021 ; Soleimani et al, 2022 ). In the case of PPE, the most recent studies focused solely on this type of litter due to its unique characteristics (e.g., structure, components, and release of contaminants) ( Kutralam-Muniasamy et al, 2022 ; Sullivan et al, 2021 ) and unprecedented occurrence ( Cordova et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution driven by the COVID-19 pandemic along the shoreline of Lake Tana, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Aragaw

De-la-Torre

Teshager

2022

Science of The Total Environment

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Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution has become one of the most pending environmental challenges resulting from the pandemic. While various studies investigated PPE pollution in the marine environment, freshwater bodies have been largely overlooked. In the present study, PPE monitoring was carried out in the vicinity of Lake Tana, the largest lake in Ethiopia. PPE density, types, and chemical composition (FTIR spectroscopy) were reported. A total of 221 PPEs were identified with a density ranging from 1.22 × 10 −5 PPE m −2 (control site S1) to 2.88× 10 −4 PPE m −2 with a mean density of 1.54 × 10 −4 ± 2.58 × 10 −5 PPE m −2 . Mismanaged PPE waste was found in all the sampling sites, mostly consisting of surgical face masks (93.7%). Statistical analyzes revealed significantly higher PPE densities in sites where several recreational, touristic, and commercial activities take place, thus, revealing the main sources of PPE pollution. Furthermore, polypropylene and polyester fabrics were identified as the main components of surgical and reusable cloth masks, respectively. Given the hazard that PPEs represent to aquatic biota (e.g., entanglement, ingestion) and their ability to release microplastics (MPs), it is necessary to implement sufficient solid waste management plans and infrastructure where lake activities take place. Additionally, local authorities must promote and ensure sustainable tourism in order to maintain the ecosystems in Lake Tana. Prospective research priorities regarding the colonization and degradation of PPE, as well as the release of toxic chemicals, were identified and discussed.

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“…Before the clinical endpoint, MSDP triggers several molecular, cellular, and physiological pathways in the mother and the offspring. These pathways are diverse due to the number of toxic chemical compounds found in cigarettes and in the smoke produced by their combustion [ 6 ]. The epigenome has been proposed as one of the mechanisms linking environmental exposures to disease [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Maternal Smoke, DNA Methylation, and Multi-omics of Tissues and Child Health

Cosín-Tomás

Cilleros-Portet

Aguilar-Lacasaña

et al. 2022

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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Purpose of Review Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy is of public health concern, and understanding the biological mechanisms can help to promote smoking cessation campaigns. This non-systematic review focuses on the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring’s epigenome, consistent in chemical modifications of the genome that regulate gene expression. Recent Findings Recent meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies have shown that maternal smoking during pregnancy is consistently associated with offspring’s DNA methylation changes, both in the placenta and blood. These studies indicate that effects on blood DNA methylation can persist for years, and that the longer the duration of the exposure and the higher the dose, the larger the effects. Hence, DNA methylation scores have been developed to estimate past exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy as biomarkers. Summary There is robust evidence for DNA methylation alterations associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy; however, the role of sex, ethnicity, and genetic background needs further exploration. Moreover, there are no conclusive studies about exposure to low doses or during the preconception period. Similarly, studies on tissues other than the placenta and blood are scarce, and cell-type specificity within tissues needs further investigation. In addition, biological interpretation of DNA methylation findings requires multi-omics data, poorly available in epidemiological settings. Finally, although several mediation analyses link DNA methylation changes with health outcomes, they do not allow causal inference. For this, a combination of data from multiple study designs will be essential in the future to better address this topic.

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Content of toxic components of cigarette, cigarette smoke vs cigarette butts: A comprehensive systematic review

Cited by 150 publications

References 233 publications

Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

Detection of Vascular Inflammation and Oxidative Stress by Cotinine in Smokers: Measured Through Interleukin-6 and Superoxide Dismutase

Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution driven by the COVID-19 pandemic along the shoreline of Lake Tana, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Prenatal Maternal Smoke, DNA Methylation, and Multi-omics of Tissues and Child Health

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