Content of Oxalate in Actinidia Deliciosa Plants Grown in Nutrient Solutions with Different Nitrogen Forms

Rinallo, C.; Modi, G.

doi:10.1023/a:1015189616477

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In order to relate the activity of protease and amount of raphides used in bioassays with those in natural conditions, we analyzed the protease activity of the kiwifruits. The protease activity of newly harvested kiwifruits (cultivar Hayward) analyzed using casein as substrate was 0.461±0.161 unit/mg fresh fruit, whereas previous studies [5] , [18] suggested that the amounts of raphides in fruits and leaves of kiwifruit plant, which we calculated from amounts of insoluble oxalate in kiwifruit tissues reported in these studies, were 0.356 mg/g fresh fruit and 0.398 mg/g fresh leaf, respectively. (It is clear from the SEM images of uncontaminated raphides in Table 1 and from the purification method of raphides based simply on density that there are no structures other than raphides in kiwifruits that are composed of insoluble oxalate salts with large densities such as druses or amorphous calcium oxalate crystals, which then indicates that the amounts of insoluble calcium oxalate in kiwifruits in above studies well represent the amounts of raphides in kiwifruits.)…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Synergistic Defensive Function of Raphides and Protease through the Needle Effect

2014

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Raphides, needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in tissues of many plants, have been thought to play defensive roles against herbivores without detailed bioassays for their defensive roles and modes of function using purified raphides. In order to examine the defensive roles and modes of function of raphides in a clear experimental system, we performed bioassays giving the larvae of the Eri silkmoth, Samia ricini (Saturniidae), leaves of their host plant, the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae), painted with the raphides purified from kiwifruits, Actinidia deliciosa (Actinidiaceae), in presence or absence of cysteine protease, which often coincide with raphides in plant tissues. Raphides alone or cysteine protease alone showed only weak defensive activities around experimental concentrations. However, when raphides and cysteine protease coexisted, they synergistically showed very strong growth-reducing activities, and the mortality of caterpillars was very high. In contrast, amorphous calcium oxalate did not show synergism with cysteine protease on defensive activities, indicating that the needle-shape of raphides is essential for the synergism. The present study provides the first clear experimental evidence for the synergism between raphides and other defensive factors. Further, the study suggests that “the needle effect”, which intensify the bioactivities of other bioactive factors by making holes to the barriers (cell membrane, cuticle, epithelium, the nuclear membrane, etc.) and facilitate the bioactive factors to go through them and reach the targets, is important in the defensive activities of raphides, and possibly in the allergy caused by raphides, and in the carcinogenic activities of other needle-shaped components including asbestos and plant derived silica needles.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 57%

Synergistic Defensive Function of Raphides and Protease through the Needle Effect

2014

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“…We used relatively mild acidic conditions for extraction to minimize oxalate generation () and to minimize formation of potential interfering polyphenols. Although oxalate and especially ascorbic acid contents of kiwifruit have been reported separately many times ( 6 , 7 , − , there appear to be few studies ( 24 , − that measured both compounds simultaneously in A. deliciosa fruit and, to the best of our knowledge, none in A. chinensis .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Variation in Ascorbic Acid and Oxalate Levels in the Fruit of Actinidia chinensis Tissues and Genotypes

Rassam

Laing

2005

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Ascorbic acid and total oxalate were measured in fruit from six genotypes of Actinidia chinensis. Ascorbic acid was separated from oxalate in fruit extracts by HPLC and quantified from absorbance at 245 nm, whereas oxalate was measured enzymatically in the HPLC eluate. Levels of whole fruit mean ascorbic acid in the different genotypes ranged from 98 to 163 mg/100 g of fresh weight (FW), whereas mean oxalate varied between 18 and 45 mg/100 g of FW. Ascorbic acid was highest in the inner and outer pericarp, whereas oxalate was concentrated in the skin, inner pericarp, and seed. Essentially no ascorbic acid was found in the seed. Each tissue clustered separately when the tissue ascorbic acid and oxalate data were normalized to the whole fruit level of ascorbic acid and oxalate in that genotype and plotted against each other, suggesting that oxalate is not a sink for excess ascorbic acid but that oxalate formation is regulated.

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“…Neurofuzzy logic established that 0.1–0.3 mM Fe 2+ improved the shoot quality and stated the crucial effect of iron on the shoot number, but it is highly dependent on the interaction between other ions. The adjustment of iron concentration is a complex task, due to the known toxicity of EDTA and sodium, being this toxicity dependent on the species [ 28 , 52 ]. Some authors pointed out that the basal medium MS includes Na 2· EDTA in excess (37.3 mg L −1 ) to chelate FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O (27.8 mg L −1 ) [ 51 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Neural Networks Elucidated the Essential Role of Mineral Nutrients versus Vitamins and Plant Growth Regulators in Achieving Healthy Micropropagated Plants

Arteta

Hameg

Landín

et al. 2022

Plants

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The design of an adequate culture medium is an essential step in the micropropagation process of plant species. Adjustment and balance of medium components involve the interaction of several factors, such as mineral nutrients, vitamins, and plant growth regulators (PGRs). This work aimed to shed light on the role of these three components on the plant growth and quality of micropropagated woody plants, using Actinidia arguta as a plant model. Two experiments using a five-dimensional experimental design space were defined using the Design of Experiments (DoE) method, to study the effect of five mineral factors (NH4NO3, KNO3, Mesos, Micros, and Iron) and five vitamins (Myo-inositol, thiamine, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, and vitamin E). A third experiment, using 20 combinations of two PGRs: BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) and GA3 (gibberellic acid) was performed. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) algorithms were used to build models with the whole database to determine the effect of those components on several growth and quality parameters. Neurofuzzy logic allowed us to decipher and generate new knowledge on the hierarchy of some minerals as essential components of the culture media over vitamins and PRGs, suggesting rules about how MS basal media formulation could be modified to assess the quality of micropropagated woody plants.

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Content of Oxalate in Actinidia Deliciosa Plants Grown in Nutrient Solutions with Different Nitrogen Forms

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Synergistic Defensive Function of Raphides and Protease through the Needle Effect

Synergistic Defensive Function of Raphides and Protease through the Needle Effect

Variation in Ascorbic Acid and Oxalate Levels in the Fruit of Actinidia chinensis Tissues and Genotypes

Artificial Neural Networks Elucidated the Essential Role of Mineral Nutrients versus Vitamins and Plant Growth Regulators in Achieving Healthy Micropropagated Plants

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