Content fat and calorie of human milk is affected by interactions between maternal age and body mass index

Hahn, Won‐Ho; Jeong, Tchae-Won; Park, Suyeon; Song, Seunghyun; Kang, Nam Mi

doi:10.1080/14767058.2017.1315660

Cited by 32 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Lactation represents the greatest postnatal energetic expenditure for mammal females [ 31 ], and is directly influenced by the mother’s physical condition. The relationship of body mass to milk macronutrient composition has been extensively considered [ 32 , 33 ]. Especially, very young mothers have fewer bodily reserves available to face simultaneously the costs of lactation and of their own growth [ 34 ].…”

Section: Variation In the Protein Content Of Milk: A Comparative Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

Verd¹,

Ginovart

Calvo

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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The aim of this review is to evaluate changes in protein parameters in the second year postpartum. There is considerable agreement among authors about the declining trend of human milk protein concentrations, but most research on protein content in breast milk focuses on the first year of life and comes from developed countries. Whereas this is the case for exclusive breastfeeding or for breastfeeding into the first year of life, the opposite applies to weaning or extended breastfeeding. This review is predominantly based on observational epidemiological evidence and on comparative research linking breast milk composition with cutting down on breastfeeding. Studies dating back several decades have shown an increase in the proportion of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and serum albumin during weaning. According to the limited data available, it seems likely that the regulation of milk protein composition during involution can be ascribed to alterations in tight junctions. In studies on humans and other mammalian species, offspring suckle more from mothers that produce more dilute milk and the increase in milk protein concentration is positively correlated to a decrease in suckling frequency during weaning. High milk protein contents were first reported in nonindustrial communities where breastfeeding is sustained the longest, but recent papers from urbanized communities have taken credit for rediscovering the increase in protein content of human milk that becomes evident with prolonged breastfeeding. This review presents an overview of the changes in breast milk protein parameters in the second year postpartum to enable milk banks’ practitioners to make informed nutritional decisions on preterm infants.

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Section: Variation In the Protein Content Of Milk: A Comparative Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

Verd¹,

Ginovart

Calvo

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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“…This issue must be addressed at all stages of life, particularly in women in the reproductive 22 and gestational 23 periods due to the several negative consequences of this condition to the mother-child dyad 23 . Some studies have evaluated the possible impact of overweight on the nutritional composition of human milk 2,20 . However, their results diverge mainly regarding the nutritional content evaluated, the methods to assess the nutritional composition of milk, the type of milk analyzed (colostrum, transitional, and mature), and the control of confounding factors in the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a cross-sectional study with 80 puerperae, Hahn et al 20 analyzed the concentration of lipids in mature milk using Miris, a piece of equipment already validated for the analysis of human milk 25 . The authors observed that maternal age and nutritional status changed the composition of lipids in human milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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O excesso de peso modifica a composição nutricional do leite materno? uma revisão sistemática

Couto

Marano

Amaral

et al. 2020

Ciênc. saúde coletiva

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Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar associação entre excesso de peso e composição nutricional do leite materno. Foi realizada revisão sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), EMBASE, Web of Science e SCOPUS. As buscas foram realizadas de maio a junho de 2018, com os descritores: “Human Milk” and “Overweight” or “Obesity” or “Body Mass Index”. A busca bibliográfica resultou em 435 artigos após remoção das duplicatas. Desse total, 12 foram selecionados para leitura dos resumos e nove foram inseridos para compor a presente revisão sistemática. Oito artigos demonstraram que o excesso de peso acarretou aumento da concentração total de lipídeos, e/ou glicose e/ou frações de macronutrientes e um estudo não observou associação entre o excesso de peso e a composição nutricional do leite humano. A maior parte dos artigos selecionados observou que a obesidade modificou a concentração total de lipídeos e de suas frações. Portanto, é recomendado que o peso e a estatura da mulher sejam avaliados na consulta pré-concepcional, a fim de identificar e acompanhar desvios nutricionais, contribuindo para a adequação do peso antes da gravidez e auxiliando na produção de leite com conteúdo nutricional adequado.

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“…Apart from the months of lactation as discussed above, the factor showing an association with HM composition in our study was maternal BMI, which was signi cantly positively associated with the fat concentration and energy content in HM. A positive correlation between fat content and maternal BMI has been repeatedly reported [21][22][23][24], while information on the association between maternal BMI and carbohydrate contents remains limited and inconclusive. The same results have been shown by Chang et al [24].…”

Section: Total Antioxidant Capacitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Macronutrient, immunoglobulin A and total antioxidant capacity profiles of human milk: cross-sectional surveys at ages 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.

Ongprasert

Ruangsuriya

Malasao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: A longer duration of breastfeeding of up to two years is encouraged by many health authorities, but information regarding the composition of milk after one year postpartum is limited. The goal of this study was to determine the associations of macronutrient contents, immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in human milk (HM) with the month of lactation from 1 to 24 months postpartum.Methods: Milk samples were collected from mothers with healthy full-term children who had been lactating from 1 to 24 months from January 2019 to April 2019. HM was biochemically analyzed for protein and carbohydrate contents by colorimetric assays. The fat content was determined by capillary centrifugation, and the energy content was calculated from the results of centrifugation assays. IgA levels and the TAC were determined by ELISA and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay, respectively. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used to determine associations between milk composition and the month of lactation, and multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association between covariates and milk composition. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05.Results: One hundred eighty-four milk samples were analyzed. The month of lactation was positively associated with the fat concentration (B = 0.31, SE = 0.09, p = 0.001), energy content (B = 3.11, SE = 0.92, p = 0.001), and IgA (B = 4.17, SE = 1.08, p < 0.001) but negatively associated with the carbohydrate concentration (B = -0.22, SE = 0.01, p = 0.04). No association was observed between the month of lactation and the protein concentration and TAC after adjustment for maternal age, maternal BMI, birth order, and breastfeeding frequency.Conclusions: Based on our results, fat, energy, and IgA contents in HM were positively associated with the month of lactation, and a slight but significant negative association was detected for the carbohydrate concentration up to two years postpartum.

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Content fat and calorie of human milk is affected by interactions between maternal age and body mass index

Abstract: The evaluation of over- or under-weighted infants warrants considering both of maternal age and BMI.

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

O excesso de peso modifica a composição nutricional do leite materno? uma revisão sistemática

Macronutrient, immunoglobulin A and total antioxidant capacity profiles of human milk: cross-sectional surveys at ages 6, 12, 18 and 24 months.

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