Content delivery networks: Status and trends

Vakali, Athena; Pallis, George

doi:10.1109/mic.2003.1250586

Cited by 346 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Peer-to-peer network [72,96] was designed for the file sharing purpose, and content delivery network (CDN) [109] allows content data (e.g., multimedia data) to be cached anywhere within the overlay network so that the latency and transport cost can be reduced.…”

Section: Overlay Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic virtual network restoration with optimal standby virtual router selection

Medhi

2016

NOMS 2016 - 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium

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Network virtualization technologies allow service providers to request partitioned, QoS guaranteed and fault-tolerant virtual networks provisioned by the substrate network provider (i.e., physical infrastructure provider). A virtualized networking environment (VNE) has common features such as partition, flexibility, etc., but fault-tolerance requires additional efforts to provide survivability against failures on either virtual networks or the substrate network.Two common survivability paradigms are protection (proactive) and restoration (reactive). In the protection scheme, the substrate network provider (SNP) allocates redundant resources (e.g., nodes, paths, bandwidths, etc) to protect against potential failures in the VNE. In the restoration scheme, the SNP dynamically allocates resources to restore the networks, and it usually occurs after the failure is detected.iii In this dissertation, we design a restoration scheme that can be dynamically implemented in a centralized manner by an SNP to achieve survivability against node failures in the VNE. The proposed restoration scheme is designed to be integrated with a protection scheme, where the SNP allocates spare virtual routers (VRs) as standbys for the virtual networks (VN) and they are ready to serve in the restoration scheme after a node failure has been identified. These standby virtual routers (S-VR) are reserved as a sharedbackup for any single node failure, and during the restoration procedure, one of the S-VR will be selected to replace the failed VR. In this work, we present an optimal S-VR selection approach to simultaneously restore multiple VNs affected by failed VRs, where these VRs may be affected by failures within themselves or at their substrate host (i.e., power outage, hardware failures, maintenance, etc.). Furthermore, the restoration scheme is embedded into a dynamic reconfiguration scheme (DRS), so that the affected VNs can be dynamically restored by a centralized virtual network manager (VNM).We first introduce a dynamic reconfiguration scheme (DRS) against node failures in a VNE, and then present an experimental study by implementing this DRS over a realistic VNE using GpENI testbed. For this experimental study, we ran the DRS to restore one VN with a single-VR failure, and the results showed that with a proper S-VR selection, the performance of the affected VN could be well restored. Next, we proposed an Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model with dual-goals to optimally select S-VRs to restore all VNs affected by VR failures while load balancing. We also present a iv heuristic algorithm based on the model. By considering a number of factors, we present numerical studies to show how the optimal selection is affected. The results show that the proposed heuristic's performance is close to the optimization model when there were sufficient standby virtual routers for each virtual network and the substrate nodes have the capability to support multiple standby virtual routers to be in service simultaneously.Finally, we presen...

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Section: Overlay Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic virtual network restoration with optimal standby virtual router selection

Medhi

2016

NOMS 2016 - 2016 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium

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“…First generation CDNs have mostly focused on Web documents, either static or dynamic [8,9]. Rabinovich et al [6] cover caching and replication techniques (both operational and research solutions) for the specific case of the Web.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

From content distribution networks to content networks — issues and challenges

Plagemann

Goebel

Mauthe

et al. 2006

Computer Communications

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Due to the technical developments in electronics the amount of digital content is continuously increasing. In order to make digital content respectively multimedia content available to potentially large and geographically distributed consumer populations, Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) are used. The main task of current CDNs is the efficient delivery and increased availability of content to the consumer. This area has been subject to research for several years. Modern CDN solutions aim to additionally automate the CDN management. Furthermore, modern applications do not just perform retrieval or access operations on content, but also create content, modify content, actively place content at appropriate locations of the infrastructure, etc. If these operations are also supported by the distribution infrastructure, we call the infrastructure Content Networks (CN) instead of CDN. In order to solve the major challenges of future CNs, researchers from different communities have to collaborate, based on a common terminology. It is the aim of this paper, to contribute to such a terminology, to summarize the state-of-the-art, and to highlight and discuss some grand challenges for CNs that we have identified. Our conception of these challenges is supported by the answers to a questionnaire we received from many leading European research groups in the field. q

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“…Proxy servers are deployed by ISPs to deal with increased Web traffic and optimize the content delivery on the Web [33]. In particular, proxy servers act as an intermediator between users and content providers, serving user requests from local storage.…”

Section: Proxy Serversmentioning

confidence: 99%