To summarize and provide readers with an overview of the content, the purpose of this chapter is stated as to design measurement strategies towards addressing barriers or challenges to the effective teaching and meaningful learning of science in rural disadvantaged schools of the Mopani District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. The background section of the chapter will provide a literature review, while the main focus of the chapter will be on issues, problems, barriers, challenges, etc. as these relate to the theme of the book and topic of the chapter. Towards solutions and recommendations, the following sections of the chapter will look at research methodology and analysis, whereas future research directions related to the research outcomes will also be considered. Finally, the conclusion of the chapter will provide a discussion and summary.