Content and Concentration of Taurine, Hypotaurine, and Zinc in the Retina, the Hippocampus, and the Dentate Gyrus of the Rat at Various Postnatal Days

Lima, Lucimey; Obregón, Francisco; Roussó, T; Quintal, Manuelita; Benzo, Zully; Auladell, Carme

doi:10.1023/b:nere.0000010453.96832.97

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The non‐protein inhibitory amino acid taurine is present in high concentration in immature brain and decreases with age (Lima et al . ; Kulak et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal in vivo developmental changes of metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice

Shi

Waddell

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation and is studied in the Fmr1 knockout (KO) mouse, which models both the anatomical and behavioral changes observed in FXS patients. In vitro studies have shown many alterations in synaptic plasticity and increased density of immature dendritic spines in the hippocampus, a region involved in learning and memory. In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were used to determine in vivo longitudinal changes in volume and metabolites in the hippocampus during the critical period of early myelination and synaptogenesis at post-natal days (PND) 18, 21, and 30 in Fmr1 KO mice compared with wild-type (WT) controls. MRI demonstrated an increase in volume of the hippocampus in the Fmr1 KO mouse compared with controls. MRS revealed significant developmental changes in the ratios of hippocampal metabolites N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (Ins), and taurine to total creatine (tCr) in Fmr1 KO mice compared with WT controls. Ins was decreased at PND 30, and taurine was increased at all ages studied in Fmr1 KO mice compared with controls. An imbalance of brain metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 KO mice during the critical developmental period of synaptogenesis and early myelination could have long-lasting effects that adversely affect brain development and contribute to ongoing alterations in brain function.

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“…The non‐protein inhibitory amino acid taurine is present in high concentration in immature brain and decreases with age (Lima et al . ; Kulak et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal in vivo developmental changes of metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice

Shi

Waddell

et al. 2012

Journal of Neurochemistry

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“…A 10 roller peristaltic pump was used to supply the gas with the sample solution. Atomic line for zinc was 213.856 nm (3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This amino acid is known to be involved in the mediation of multiple functions, such as osmoregulation, modulation of calcium fluxes, neuromodulation, protection from oxidative stress, modification of protein phosphorylation, membrane stabilization, affectation of cell migration in the brain and the retina, regulation of axonal outgrowth, elevation in the number of regenerating retinal cells after nerve lesion, and production of neural protection in certain neuropathies (2)(3)(4). Thus, taurine possesses neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties in the central nervous system (CNS) during development and regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, some studies provide evidence for an interaction between taurine and zinc during development, affecting morphology and function of the rat retina (20). More recent research, done in the hippocampal formation of rats during development, indicates that there is a positive correlation between zinc and taurine content mainly in the dentate gyrus, which might be related to the greater proliferating capacity of this area (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taurine and Zinc Modulate Outgrowth from Goldfish Retinal Explants

Nusetti¹,

Obregón²,

Quintal

et al. 2005

Neurochem Res

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Taurine and zinc, highly concentrated in the retina, possess similar properties in this structure, such as neuro-protection, membrane stabilization, influencing regeneration, and modulating development, maybe by acting in parallel or as interacting agents. We previously demonstrated that there are some correlations between taurine and zinc levels in hippocampus, dentate gyrus and retina of the developing rat. In the present study we evaluate the possible effects of taurine and zinc on outgrowth from goldfish retinal explants. The optic nerve was crushed 10 days before plating and culturing retinal explants in Leibovitz medium with 10% fetal calf serum and gentamicin. Neurites were measured with SigmaScanPro after 5 days in culture. Taurine (HPLC) and zinc (ICP) concentrations were determined in the retina between 1 and 180 days after crushing the optic nerve. Zinc sulfate (0.01-100 microM), N,N, N',N'-tetrakis (pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine (TPEN, 0.1-5 nM) and diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA, 10-300 microM), intracellular and extracellular zinc chelators, respectively, were added to the medium. TPEN was also injected intraocular (0.1 nM). Combinations of them were added with taurine (1-16 mM). Taurine concentrations were elevated in the retina 72 h after the crush, but were normalized by 180 days, those of zinc increased at 24 h, preceding the increase of taurine. The axonal transport of [3H]taurine from the optic tectum to the retina was not affected in fish with or without crush of the optic nerve at early periods after the injection, indicating an increase of it post-lesion. Zinc sulfate produced a bell-shaped concentration dependency on in vitro outgrowth, with stimulation at 0.05 microM, and inhibition at higher levels, also increased the effect of 4 mM taurine at 0.02 microM, but diminished it at higher concentrations in the medium. TPEN decreased outgrowth at 1 nM, but not at 0.5 nM, although the simultaneous presence of 4 mM taurine and 0.5 nM TPEN decreased outgrowth respecting the stimulation by taurine alone. The intraocular administration of TPEN decreased outgrowth in vitro, an effect counteracted by the addition of 4 mM taurine to the culture medium. DTPA decreased outgrowth from 10 microM in the medium. The present results indicate that an optimal zinc concentration is necessary for outgrowth of goldfish retinal explants and that, in zinc deficient retina, taurine could stimulate outgrowth. In addition, the observations of variations in tissue concentrations and of the effects of intraocular administration of TPEN indicate that these effects could occur in vivo.

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“…Taurine (2‐aminoethanesulphonic acid) is an important amino acid derivative for vertebrates, with beneficial effects on mammals being extensively studied for several decades (Di Leo et al., ; Hayes, Carey, & Schmidt, ; Hayes & Trautwein, ; Huxtable, ; Knopf, Sturman, Armstrong, & Hayes, ; Kuzmina, Gavrovskaya, & Ryzhova, ; Lourenco & Camilo, ; Stapleton & Bloomfield, ). However, only recently have the effects of taurine on fish physiology (osmoregulation, antioxidation, feeding stimulation, and vision) and metabolism been extensively researched (El‐Sayed, ; Huxtable, ; Kim et al., , ; Lima, ; Militante & Lombardini, ; Schaffer, Takahashi, & Azuma, ). Nutritional requirement studies have shown that taurine is an essential or conditionally essential nutrient for various life stages of marine fish and some freshwater fish (Gaylord, Teague, & Barrows, ; Hawkyard, Laurel, Barr, Hamre, & Langdon, ; Hawkyard, Stuart, Langdon, & Drawbridge, ; Jacobsen & Smith, ; Jirsa, Davis, Salze, Drawbridge, & Rhodes, ; Jirsa, Stuart et al., ; Kim et al., ; Salze, McLean, & Craig, ; Takagi et al., ; Takeuchi, ; Yokoyama, Takeuchi, Park, & Nakazoe, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of dietary taurine concentrations in microparticulate diets provided to larval California yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis ) postlarvae

Stuart

Hawkyard

Barrows³

et al. 2017

Aquacult Nutr

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Taurine is an important amino acid derivative for marine and freshwater fish, especially during early development. We investigated the range of taurine concentrations that influence the growth and survival rates of California yellowtail (CYT; Seriola dorsalis) during transition from live feeds to microparticulate diets, as well as the extent to which nutrient leaching from the microparticulate diets affects these ranges. We tested particle‐assisted rotationally agglomerated (PARA) particles with four levels of taurine: 4 (low taurine; LT), 45 (medium taurine; MT), 93 (high taurine; HT) and 122 g/kg (very high taurine; VHT). Our results showed that CYT postlarvae had no significant differences in growth, survival and feed consumption rates between the MT, HT and VHT treatments. However, it should be noted that the PARA particles containing 122 g/kg (VHT) taurine were especially prone to leaching and may have had taurine concentrations as low as 34.9 g/kg before they settled on the bottom of the tank. Therefore, the actual dietary taurine concentrations experienced by the larvae were likely lower than the initial dietary concentrations. More research is needed to evaluate the potential nutrient toxicity of elevated dietary taurine concentrations for marine fish larvae and juveniles.

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Content and Concentration of Taurine, Hypotaurine, and Zinc in the Retina, the Hippocampus, and the Dentate Gyrus of the Rat at Various Postnatal Days

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Longitudinal in vivo developmental changes of metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice

Longitudinal in vivo developmental changes of metabolites in the hippocampus of Fmr1 knockout mice

Taurine and Zinc Modulate Outgrowth from Goldfish Retinal Explants

Evaluation of dietary taurine concentrations in microparticulate diets provided to larval California yellowtail (Seriola dorsalis ) postlarvae

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