Content Analysis of Hwa-byung Awareness in Middle-Aged Women

Park, Sun Jung; Choi, Eun-Young

doi:10.5762/kais.2015.16.2.1304

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Existing researches have found that major causes of Hwabyung are relations with husbands and families-in-law and conflicts with family members like brothers and sisters, followed by their social problems like financial difficulties, financial loss, or fraud [10] [11]. But the problem is that those who suffer from symptoms of Hwabyung diagnose themselves as patients of Hwabyung, and are rarely likely to see a doctor [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Hwabyung Symptoms and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged Women

Yang¹

2019

IJCPP

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The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between Hwabyung symptoms and life quality, and prepare basic data to improve life quality of middle-aged women. Research method: this research conducted a survey, and respondents of the survey were 230 middle-aged women conveniently sampled from two cities from March 10, to May 4, 2017. The survey data were analyzed using the SPSS 21.0 program. The average point of Hwabyung symptoms of respondents was 1.12±.61 (0-4), and that of quality of life was 3.16±.42 (1-5). The variables significantly affecting Hwabyung symptoms were educational level (F=7.14, p=.001), monthly income (F=6.63, p<.001), and health condition (F=12.10, p<.001). Quality of life was significantly and negatively correlated with Hwabyung symptoms (r=-.204, p=.002). Data analysis showed that the lower education level is, the lower monthly income is, and the worse health condition is, the higher the symptom is, and that the higher educational level is, and the higher monthly income is, the higher life quality is. Therefore, to reduce Hwabyung symptoms, and improve life quality among middle-aged women, various educational means should be suggested and applied.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Hwabyung Symptoms and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged Women

Yang¹

2019

IJCPP

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“…In previous studies, the meaning of the experience of middle-aged Korean women's Hwabyung were "being alone", "continuous suffering", and "ruining children's farming" [41]. In Korea's patriarchal and authoritative atmosphere, when the resentment of suppressing one's, emotional expression has lasted for a long time, it can cause an explosion, like a Hwabyung under fire [10][11][12]. In this way, "unfairness" is a factor that hinders mental health in Korea, with manifestations ranging from Hwabyung to suicide [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These physical and psychological changes and long-term stress can often lead to development of the Hwabyung. It is particularly noteworthy that most women who experience Hwabyung are middle-aged women in their 40s and 50s [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Psychological vulnerability is the main cause of suicidal ideation in middle-aged Korean women, and “Hwabyung”, a culture-bound illness caused by the characteristics of Korea’s unique culture, can be considered such a vulnerability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hwabyung is a kind of mental disorder that arises due to the long-term accumulation of injustice and resentment experienced in Korea’s traditional Confucian cultural environment, that is, patriarchal and authoritative with the suppression of emotional expression [ 11 ]. In particular, middle-aged Korean women experience a “Hwabyung” that explodes because they are unable to express their regret about the situation they are in while fulfilling strict gender roles in their relationships with their families, children, and parents-in-law [ 10 , 12 ]. The Hwabyung symptoms experienced during a vulnerable period (such as the onset of menopause place) are a serious burden on individuals and their families, which in turn causes them to experience significant psychological difficulties, such as low self-esteem and increased self-criticism [ 10 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediating Effect of Quality of Sleep Moderated by Meaning in Life on the Relationship between Hwabyung and Suicidal Ideation in Middle-Aged Korean Women

Jeong

Shin

2023

Behavioral Sciences

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The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the quality of sleep and meaning in life in the process by which Hwabyung symptoms affect suicidal ideation in middle-aged Korean women. A total of 265 women aged 40–65 years were enrolled in an online survey. The study variables were measured using the Hwabyung, quality of sleep, meaning in life, and suicidal ideation scales. The data were analyzed using the PROCESS Procedure for SPSS Release 3.5 (Model 14) program with a 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval. Hwabyung symptoms in middle-aged women had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation, and an indirect effect through the quality of sleep was also statistically significant. Meaning in life was found to significantly moderate the indirect effect of Hwabyung on suicidal ideation through the quality of sleep. In other words, the greater the meaning in life, the weaker the effect of Hwabyung on suicidal ideation through the quality of sleep. The Hwabyung of middle-aged women caused a psychological crisis and was a great threat to physical health by lowering the quality of sleep. The low quality of sleep and the increase in suicidal ideation due to Hwabyung pose a great threat to the survival of middle-aged women. It was found that it is very important to find meaning in one’s life as an effective way to reduce suicidal ideation in middle-aged women.

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“…In traditional Confucian culture, middle‐aged Korean women are expected to adhere to strict gender roles regarding family, raising children, and relationships with their parents‐in‐law. Although such PPW may feel distress or anger, they do not typically express these emotions, highlighting a culture‐bound syndrome (Choi & Harwood, 2004; Min, 1989; Park & Choi 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting suicidal ideation among premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Kim

Son

Kim

2020

Psychiatric Ment Health Nurs

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Accessible summary What is known on the subject? Pre‐ and postmenopausal women (PPW) experience changes in physical, psychological and social health. South‐East Asia’s female suicide rate is the highest compared with other countries, and the suicide rate of PPW in these countries continues to increase. The most influential factor in Asian women’s suicidal ideation is family conflict; specifically, if PPW in South Korea cannot express their anger, it results in a culture‐bound syndrome called “Hwa‐Byung.” However, there is a lack of research on Asian PPW. What the paper adds to existing knowledge? This study found differences in individual‐ and community‐level factors affecting suicidal ideation between pre‐ and postmenopausal women. Individual factors that commonly affected suicidal ideation were experiencing violence, stress and depression. Individual factors that affected the suicidal ideation of premenopausal women more than postmenopausal women were religious beliefs, alcohol use and chronic disease. Community level factors affecting suicidal ideation were locational depression and locational counselling for stress in premenopausal women and locational counselling for depression in postmenopausal women. What are the implications for practice? Mental health nurses could help prevent suicide by developing and applying community‐based programmes for PPW, considering the specific socio‐economic and cultural context and characteristics of Asian women. Mental health nurses could help PPW participate in programmes by preparing various interventions such as case management, personal counselling, physical activity, home‐based mental health services, cognitive behavioural therapy and digital interventions for self‐management. Mental health nurses need to prepare various methods such as online, offline, individual and group methods to work effectively in any social situation. Abstract IntroductionPre‐ and postmenopausal women (PPW) experience physical and psychological changes with hormonal changes. Among Asian middle‐aged women, family and culture affect suicidal ideation, and the suicide rate among this population is increasing. There are few existing research on suicidal ideation among Asian PPW. AimWe examined individual‐ and community‐level factors that predict suicidal ideation among PPW. MethodLarge‐scale panel data from 5,154 South Korean PPW aged 35–64 years were used in a series of multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine factors associated with suicidal ideation at individual and community levels. ResultsAmong premenopausal women, religious beliefs, alcohol use, chronic disease, experience of violence, stress and depression were individual‐level factors. Locational depression and locational counselling for stress were community‐level factors. Among postmenopausal women, experience of violence, stress, depression and perceived health status were individual level factors, and locational counselling for depression was a community level factor. DiscussionSuicidal ideation among PPW is affect...

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Content Analysis of Hwa-byung Awareness in Middle-Aged Women

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

The Relationship between Hwabyung Symptoms and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged Women

The Relationship between Hwabyung Symptoms and Quality of Life among Middle-Aged Women

Mediating Effect of Quality of Sleep Moderated by Meaning in Life on the Relationship between Hwabyung and Suicidal Ideation in Middle-Aged Korean Women

Factors affecting suicidal ideation among premenopausal and postmenopausal women

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