Content analysis of digital media coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine school-entry requirement policy in Puerto Rico

Colón‐López, Vivian; Rivera-Figueroa, Vilnery; Arroyo-Morales, Glizette O; Medina-Laabes, Diana T.; Soto-Abreu, Roxana; Rivera-Encarnación, Manuel E; Díaz-Miranda, Olga L.; Ortiz, Ana P.; Wells, Katelyn; Vázquez-Otero, Coralia; Hull, Pamela C.

doi:10.1186/s12889-021-11311-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The most commonly recurring theme was a distrust of government institutions [ 18 , 20 , 21 , 36 , 37 , 43 , 70 , 75 , 76 , 81 , 102 , 124 , 131 ] or health institutions [ 32 , 35 , 36 , 49 , 67 , 93 , 100 , 125 ] or the idea of pharmaceutical companies profiteering off individuals [ 20 , 29 , 122 , 125 ]. This spilled into a related conversation about the infringement of civil liberties when individuals feel they are forced or mandated to receive a vaccine [ 37 , 46 , 47 , 64 , 73 , 131 ]. Often, the narratives can also be full of misinformation [ 27 , 73 ] or conspiracy theories [ 35 , 37 , 58 , 70 , 100 , 117 ], both featuring heavily when in antivaccination messages and accompanied by anger, fear, or frustration [ 96 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Media Data and Vaccine Hesitancy: Scoping Review

Yin¹

2022

JMIR Infodemiology

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Background Media studies are important for vaccine hesitancy research, as they analyze how the media shapes risk perceptions and vaccine uptake. Despite the growth in studies in this field owing to advances in computing and language processing and an expanding social media landscape, no study has consolidated the methodological approaches used to study vaccine hesitancy. Synthesizing this information can better structure and set a precedent for this growing subfield of digital epidemiology. Objective This review aimed to identify and illustrate the media platforms and methods used to study vaccine hesitancy and how they build or contribute to the study of the media’s influence on vaccine hesitancy and public health. Methods This study followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. A search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus for any studies that used media data (social media or traditional media), had an outcome related to vaccine sentiment (opinion, uptake, hesitancy, acceptance, or stance), were written in English, and were published after 2010. Studies were screened by only 1 reviewer and extracted for media platform, analysis method, the theoretical models used, and outcomes. Results In total, 125 studies were included, of which 71 (56.8%) used traditional research methods and 54 (43.2%) used computational methods. Of the traditional methods, most used content analysis (43/71, 61%) and sentiment analysis (21/71, 30%) to analyze the texts. The most common platforms were newspapers, print media, and web-based news. The computational methods mostly used sentiment analysis (31/54, 57%), topic modeling (18/54, 33%), and network analysis (17/54, 31%). Fewer studies used projections (2/54, 4%) and feature extraction (1/54, 2%). The most common platforms were Twitter and Facebook. Theoretically, most studies were weak. The following five major categories of studies arose: antivaccination themes centered on the distrust of institutions, civil liberties, misinformation, conspiracy theories, and vaccine-specific concerns; provaccination themes centered on ensuring vaccine safety using scientific literature; framing being important and health professionals and personal stories having the largest impact on shaping vaccine opinion; the coverage of vaccination-related data mostly identifying negative vaccine content and revealing deeply fractured vaccine communities and echo chambers; and the public reacting to and focusing on certain signals—in particular cases, deaths, and scandals—which suggests a more volatile period for the spread of information. Conclusions The heterogeneity in the use of media to study vaccines can be better consolidated through theoretical grounding. Areas of suggested research include understanding how trust in institutions is associated with vaccine uptake, how misinformation and information signaling influence vaccine uptake, and the evaluation of government communications on vaccine rollouts and vaccine-related events. The review ends with a statement that media data analyses, though groundbreaking in approach, should supplement—not supplant—current practices in public health research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last theme captures how discussion of vaccines clusters around events, indicating a reactive public over time [ 64 , 87 , 89 - 91 , 94 , 107 ]. Overall, the conversation around vaccines usually follows certain occurrences or events in what is termed as crisis phases by Furini [ 121 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Data and Vaccine Hesitancy: Scoping Review

Yin¹

2022

JMIR Infodemiology

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“…Bahamas [32][33][34], Curacao [37,38], French Guiana [40][41][42][43],Dominican Republic [39,78], Haiti [17,[79][80][81][82], Martinique [55], Netherlands Antilles [57,83], Puerto Rico [65,[84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93], St. Kitts and Nevis [66], St. Vincent and the Grenadines [66], Trinidad and Tobago [5,13,14,25,26], Barbados [35,94], Cuba [30,95], Dominican Republic [96,97], Puerto Rico [98], Jamaica [48,[51][52][53]99]…”

Section: Behavioral Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer in the Caribbean

Scott-Williams,

Hosein,

Akpaka

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Cervical cancer (CvC) is considered a preventable disease; however, in the Caribbean, it is still one of the fourth most common causes of death in women. Efforts to overcome obstacles to the treatment and control of this preventable disease are being made by several countries within the Caribbean. However, no health issue can be readily managed without first acquiring an understanding of the dynamics relating to its severity of impact reaching the target population, its clinical pathology, and the availability of treatment and/or preventative measures to control or halt its progression. To assess the status of CvC in the Caribbean, a review of the literature was conducted using PubMed. The Caribbean was defined in the review as comprising nations and islands whose coastlines are touched by the Caribbean Sea. This led to an assessment of the available literature on CvC for 33 Caribbean territories. The review showed a lack of published information on CvC and highlights the need for greater research. This also serves as a template for subsequent investigations.

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“… 6 However, concerns about vaccine safety, violation of patient autonomy, and lack of education about HPV and vaccines were documented by the PR media before implementing the HPV school-entry requirement. 8 Despite the reluctance to the HPV vaccine by some community groups, recent analyses by this team from the PR Immunization Registry comparing the period between 2017 (a pre-policy year) to 2019 (post-policy), identified 54% increase in initial HPV vaccination among children aged 11 and 12 (58.3% in 2017 to 89.8% in 2019). 7 , 9 This suggests that mandatory school requirement for the HPV vaccine is an effective strategy to increase HPV vaccine uptake among this group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes towards HPV and COVID school-entry policies among adults living in Puerto Rico

Rivera-Rivera

Díaz-Miranda

Medina-Laabes

et al. 2023

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Prior to the COVID pandemic, Puerto Rico (PR) had one of the highest Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine rates in the United States. The COVID pandemic and administration of COVID vaccines might have impacted attitudes toward HPV vaccination. This study compared attitudes toward HPV and COVID vaccines with respect to school-entry policies among adults living in PR. A convenience sample of 222 adults (≥21 years old) completed an online survey from November 2021 to January 2022. Participants answered questions about HPV and COVID vaccines, attitudes toward vaccination policies for school-entry, and perceptions of sources of information. We assessed the magnitude of association between the agreement of school-entry policies for COVID and HPV vaccination by estimating the prevalence ratio (PR adjusted ) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). The most trusted source of information for HPV and COVID vaccines were healthcare providers (42% and 17%, respectively) and the CDC (35% and 55%, respectively), while the least trusted were social media (40% and 39%, respectively), and friends and family (23% n = 47, and 17% n = 33, respectively). Most participants agreed that HPV (76% n = 156) and COVID vaccines (69% n = 136) should be a school-entry requirement. Agreement with school policy requiring COVID vaccination was significantly associated with agreement of school policy requiring HPV vaccination (PR adjusted :1.96; 95% CI:1.48–2.61) after controlling for potential confounders. Adults living in PR have an overall positive attitude about mandatory HPV and COVID vaccination school-entry policies, which are interrelated. Further research should elucidate the implications of the COVID pandemic on HPV vaccine attitudes and adherence rates.

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Content analysis of digital media coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine school-entry requirement policy in Puerto Rico

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Media Data and Vaccine Hesitancy: Scoping Review

Media Data and Vaccine Hesitancy: Scoping Review

Epidemiology of Cervical Cancer in the Caribbean

Attitudes towards HPV and COVID school-entry policies among adults living in Puerto Rico

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