Content-adaptive parallax barriers

Abstract

Figure 1: 3D display with content-adaptive parallax barriers. We show that light field display using dual-stacked LCDs can be cast as a matrix approximation problem, leading to a new set of content-adaptive parallax barriers. (Left, Top) A 4D light field, represented as a 2D array of oblique projections. (Left, Bottom) A dual-stacked LCD displays the light field using content-adaptive parallax barriers, confirming both vertical and horizontal parallax. (Middle and Right) A pair of content-adaptive parallax barriers, drawn from a rank-9 decomposition of the reshaped 4D light field matrix. Compared to conventional parallax barriers, with heuristically-determined arrays of slits or pinholes, content adaptation allows increased display brightness and refresh rate while preserving the fidelity of projected images. AbstractWe optimize automultiscopic displays built by stacking a pair of modified LCD panels. To date, such dual-stacked LCDs have used heuristic parallax barriers for view-dependent imagery: the front LCD shows a fixed array of slits or pinholes, independent of the multi-view content. While prior works adapt the spacing between slits or pinholes, depending on viewer position, we show both layers can also be adapted to the multi-view content, increasing brightness and refresh rate. Unlike conventional barriers, both masks are allowed to exhibit non-binary opacities. It is shown that any 4D light field emitted by a dual-stacked LCD is the tensor product of two 2D masks. Thus, any pair of 1D masks only achieves a rank-1 approximation of a 2D light field. Temporal multiplexing of masks is shown to achieve higher-rank approximations. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) minimizes the weighted Euclidean distance between a target light field and that emitted by the display. Simulations and experiments characterize the resulting content-adaptive parallax barriers for low-rank light field approximation.

Tailored displays to compensate for visual aberrations

“…Tailored displays could diminish eye strain problems of current displays. Timemultiplexed displays may be used to eliminate loss of spatial resolution [Lanman et al 2010]. Other methods of optimizing LCD1 and LCD2 for brightness such as matrix factorization are left for future work.…”

Fabricating reflectors for displaying multiple images

“…These methods can render images with high brightness and contrast but ghosting artifacts could be produced due to the fact that all the layers are visible. A parallax barrier display can be constructed by using two LCDs [Lanman et al 2010;Perlin et al 2000]. The front panel contains a uniform grid of slits or pinholes, through which the viewer sees a subset of pixels in the rear panel depending on the viewer location.…”

Construction and Calibration of Optically Efficient LCD-based Multi-Layer Light Field Displays

“…Though switchable liquid crystal lenses [6] have begun to achieve commercial success in combining high resolution 2D display and lower resolution 3D display in a single unit, they do not address the resolution loss in integral imaging systems. Viewer-adaptive barrier patterns [7], and time sequential barrier patterns [8] can increase resolution or field-of-view for general light field display, and simple formulations for stacked LCD panels can represent limited depth at full resolution [9], but it is only recently that fast switching LCD panels and high performance graphics hardware has made it possible to address general purpose, content adaptive barrier patterns [10]. Generalizing the problem of light field display has proven a productive research direction, with recent work demonstrating both light-efficient, multi-layer designs [4,11,12], and formulations that incorporate multi-layer panels, directional backlighting, and temporal multiplexing [3].…”