Contemporary view on subarachnoidal hemorrhage: literature review

Abstract

Subarachnoid hemorrhage is a severe, life-threatening variant of hemorrhagic stroke. It happens due to the blood release into the subarachnoid space and requires emergency medical care. This review contains data on modern epidemiology, morphology and pathophysiology, clinical presentation and peculiarities of diagnostics and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage. It covers key studies of Russian and foreign scientific groups on the causes and risk factors of subarachnoid hemorrhage and mechanisms of cerebral vasospasm development. Main professional scales used in daily clinical practice are mentioned. The sensitivity and specificity of the existing methods of unruptured aneurysms neuroimaging and subarachnoid hemorrhage are analyzed. Also, the article includes summarized information on existing and prospective options for nonsurgical and surgical treatment.