Contemporary Update on the Treatment of Dog Bite: Injuries to the Oral and Maxillofacial Region

Foster, Michael D.; Hudson, John W.

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2014.12.003

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They are probably more likely to provoke an attack, unknowingly, as they are not familiar with the signs indicating an impeding attack. 4,5 Our findings are in line with findings of the literature. 4,[6][7][8]…”

Section: Discussion Age Distributionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…13 Primary closure is the treatment of choice at our institution, as we found that this provided the best aesthetical results even in case of severe or multiform lacerations (►Figs. [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Assessment and Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8,9,11,14 The successful management practices of dog bite wounds are meticulous cleansing of the wound, adequate debridement, primary repair, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and rabies immunization where indicated. 4,15 This is the method of treatment used at our center.…”

Section: Assessment and Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Foster and Hudson also reported no infections at all in their 2014 article. 4 Another possible complication of dog bite injuries is the infectious disease rabies. Rabies is usually sustained following a transdermal bite or scratch by an infected animal.…”

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dog Bite Injuries in the Head and Neck Region: A 20-Year Review

Piccart

Dormaar

Coropciuc

et al. 2019

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

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Dog bite-related wounds seem to have become a common problem, especially when they relate to the head and neck region. According to Overall and Love, up to 18 per 1,000 people sustain a dog bite every year, of whom 3 need medical attention. Approximately 1 to 2% of bite injuries require hospitalization of the victims. Most of the lacerations are found in the upper lip and the nose regions and they are classified according to severity and concomitant damage to other organs. Bite wounds are considered “dirty” wounds and are prone to infection. When dealing with bite wounds, there is always an indication for antibiotic treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics like amoxicillin-clavulanate and/or moxifloxacin cover most of the pathogenic flora and should be administered in every bite wound case at risk of infection. This article would like to present a medical record review: a retrospective analysis of all bite wounds sustained in the head and neck region, treated at the University Hospital of Leuven over the past 20 years. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the current literature and its standings on the treatment of dog bite injuries in the maxillofacial region. We assessed both surgical and medical treatment options, as well as primary management, which includes infection prevention strategies, closure management, and additional vaccination requirements. Secondary management or scar revision methods will be mentioned. After conducting a UZ Leuven database search using keywords such as “dog,” “dog bite,” “face,” “head,” “lip,” and others, 223 patients were included. Age at the time of injury, location of the injury, treatment method used, and whether secondary infection was present or not were documented. All patients have been divided in age groups. We concluded that 21.52% was 5 years old or younger. Almost half of our patients (49.33%) were 18 years old or younger. Of all patients, 79 were hospitalized (35.43%). Primary closure was the treatment of choice. In 141 patients, the wounds were closed primarily (63.23%), resulting in only 2.24% reported secondary infections. Only one fatality was reported in our center over the course of 20 years (0.45%), a 6-year-old girl who had been attacked by her father's Rottweilers. Most patients who sustained dog bite injuries in the head and neck region seem to be children, specifically toddlers. Due to their height, it is possible they are more prone to dog bite injuries in the head and neck region. It is essential to optimize management of these injuries due to the impact they have on patients. This article provides the epidemiological data and clinical outcome of the approach at our center.

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Section: Discussion Age Distributionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Assessment and Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment and Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dog Bite Injuries in the Head and Neck Region: A 20-Year Review

Piccart

Dormaar

Coropciuc

et al. 2019

Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction

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“…1 A majority of the victims are children. According to Foster and Hudson, 6 45% of the attacks are caused by American Pit Bull Terriers. Rottweilers and German Shephards are also known to cause serious damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Closure of a Complex Facial Wound with Underlying Fractures. Deconstructing Dogmas

Biswas¹

2015

Panamerican Journal of Trauma, Critical Care &Amp; Emergency Surgery

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Canine bites present a major public health concern worldwide. Facial fractures due to dog bites are rare, although the exact incidence is unknown. Most reports in the literature comprises of pediatric population with a majority of the patients less than 5 years of age. Zygomatic, nasal, and orbital are the most frequently fractured bones. The dog breeds commonly responsible are American Pittbull and Rottweiler. The injuries can present as punctures, abrasions, tears, or avulsions. The intense kinematics of the crush injury can result in devitalized tissue, thus management becomes complex. Primary repair of these complex facial wounds can provide good cosmetic results. Controversy remains whether dog bites should be closed primarily and the indication for prophylactic antibiotics. Complex facial injuries cause functional and cosmetic impairment together with potential polymicrobial infections. They can also leave behind emotional scarring that can last long after the wound has healed. Antibiotics are indicated for infected bite wounds only and those of complex nature involving underlying bones, vascular structures, or joints. Tetanus immunization and potential risk of rabies should be considered in these patients. resumenLas mordeduras de caninos representan un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo. Las fracturas faciales debidas a mordeduras de perro son raras, aunque se desconoce la incidencia exacta. La mayoría de los informes en la literatura comprende la población pediátrica con la mayoría de los pacientes menores de 5 años de edad. Cigomático, nasal, orbital son los huesos fracturados con mayor frecuencia. Las razas de perros comúnmente responsables son American Pittbull y Rottweiler. Las lesiones pueden presentarse como punciones, abrasiones, desgarros o avulsiones. La cinemática intensa de la lesión por aplastamiento puede resultar en tejido desvitalizado, por lo que el manejo se vuelve complejo. La reparación primaria de estas complejas heridas faciales puede proporcionar buenos resultados cosméticos. La controversia sigue siendo si las mordeduras de perros deben cerrarse principalmente y la indicación de antibióticos profilácticos. Las lesiones faciales complejas causan deterioro funcional y estético, junto con posibles infecciones polimicrobianas. También pueden dejar cicatrices emocionales que pueden durar mucho tiempo después de que la herida haya sanado. Los antibióticos están indicados solo para heridas por mordedura infectadas y aquellos de naturaleza compleja que involucran huesos subyacentes, estructuras vasculares o articulaciones. La inmunización contra el tétanos y el riesgo potencial de rabia deben considerarse en. Palabras clave: Fracturas maxilofaciales, Lesiones de tejidos blandos, Mordedura de perro.

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Surgical management of facial dog bite trauma: A contemporary perspective and review

Chen

Karim

Grace

et al. 2022

World j. otorhinolaryngol.-head neck surg.

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Objective To perform a review evaluating management of and complications stemming from dog bite trauma sustained to the head and neck over the past decade. Data Sources PubMed and Cochrane Library. Methods The authors searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases for relevant published literature. A total of 12 peer‐reviewed canine‐exclusive series inclusive of 1384 patient cases describing facial dog bite trauma met inclusion criteria. Wounds including fractures, lacerations, contusions, and other soft‐tissue injuries were evaluated. Demographics related to clinical course and management, operating room requirements, and antibiotic usage were compiled and analyzed. Initial trauma and surgical management complications were also assessed. Results 75.5% of patients sustaining dog bites required surgical intervention. Of these patients, 7.8% suffered from postsurgical complications, including hypertrophic scarring (4.3%), postoperative infection (0.8%), or nerve deficits and persistent paresthesias (0.8%). Prophylactic antibiotics were administered to 44.3% of patients treated for facial dog bites and the overall infection rate was 5.6%. Concomitant fracture was present in 1.0% of patients. Conclusion Primary closure, often in the OR may be necessary, with few cases requiring grafts or flaps. Surgeons should be aware that the most common complication is hypertrophic scarring. Further research is needed to elucidate the role of prophylactic antibiotics.

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Contemporary Update on the Treatment of Dog Bite: Injuries to the Oral and Maxillofacial Region

Cited by 22 publications

References 8 publications

Dog Bite Injuries in the Head and Neck Region: A 20-Year Review

Dog Bite Injuries in the Head and Neck Region: A 20-Year Review

Primary Closure of a Complex Facial Wound with Underlying Fractures. Deconstructing Dogmas

Surgical management of facial dog bite trauma: A contemporary perspective and review

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