Contemporary Trends in Evidence-based Treatment for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background-Guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction recommend the routine use of 4 effective cardiac medications: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, aspirin, β-blockers, and lipid lowering agents. Limited data are available, however, about the contemporary, and changing, use of these therapies, particularly from a population-based perspective. The study describes differences in the use of these medications during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction according to age, sex, and period of hospitalization.

Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction using synthetic biomaterials

“…Surgical interventions are generally combined/complemented with pharmacological treatments in order to improve patient outcomes [5]. However, although conventional interventions are useful in mitigating MI symptoms [6,7], they cannot repair the infarcted tissue, an so cardiac dysfunction remains an issue [8]. In view of the fact that current treatments are not able to regenerate the cardiac tissue and that the heart has shown limited post-natal cardiomyogenesis [9], patients who survive a MI might face serious functional limitations for the rest of their lives, which leads to secondary complications that impair their quality of life and place a mayor annual economic burden on the country [10].…”

“…In this case, APS/TEMED solution was used for controlling hydrogel gelation. ESC (1x10 6 ) were seeded and systems efficacy was tested in a rat MI model. 24 hours and 4 weeks after treatment a significant higher injected-cell population was detected in the infarcted tissue in ESC-hydrogel group compared to injection of cells alone.…”

“…A novel hydrogel made of carbon-nanotubes mixed with thermosensitive NIPAM was developed in order to enhance ADSC therapeutic efficacy. 2x10 6 ADSC were seeded onto such systems and injected in a rat MI model. One week after treatment significant enhanced engraftment of seeding cells was detected when hydrogels were co-administered with the SCs in comparison to free ADSC administration.…”

“…With this aim, Jin J. et al combined MSCs with poly(lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) NFs. The systems, containing 1x10 6 MSCs per NF construct, were sutured onto the epicardial surface over the infarcted region of a rat MI model. Four weeks after treatment, echocardiography showed that SCs administration, regardless the co-administration of NFs, resulted in LV dilation and improved EF compared with the control groups, and SCs survived and differentiated into cardiomyocytes.…”

“…More recently poly(ε-caprolactone) was mixed with gelatin to prepare NFs by electrospinning. 2x10 6 MSC were seeded onto these hybrid scaffolds and transplanted into a rat MI model. Cells within the NFs were able to migrate towards the scar tissue, promoting new blood vessel formation at the infarct site.…”