Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis

Šlampová, Andrea; Malá, Zdena; Pantůčková, Pavla; Gebauer, Petr; Boček, Petr

doi:10.1002/elps.201200346

Cited by 64 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Extensive review on the recent development of FASS and its applications can be found in the literature. 10,11 EOF occurs naturally during FASS as the electric field applied to stack or separate the ions would also drive the fluid movement. However, due to the mismatch in EOF velocity in the high and low conductivity solutions, an internal pressure gradient is generated, causing unwanted sample dispersion.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electroosmotic flow hysteresis for dissimilar ionic solutions

Lim

Lam

2015

Biomicrofluidics

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Electroosmotic flow (EOF) with two or more fluids is commonly encountered in various microfluidics applications. However, no investigation has hitherto been conducted to investigate the hysteretic or flow direction-dependent behavior during the displacement flow of solutions with dissimilar ionic species. In this investigation, electroosmotic displacement flow involving dissimilar ionic solutions was studied experimentally through a current monitoring method and numerically through finite element simulations. The flow hysteresis can be characterized by the turning and displacement times; turning time refers to the abrupt gradient change of current-time curve while displacement time is the time for one solution to completely displace the other solution. Both experimental and simulation results illustrate that the turning and displacement times for a particular solution pair can be directional-dependent, indicating that the flow conditions in the microchannel are not the same in the two different flow directions. The mechanics of EOF hysteresis was elucidated through the theoretical model which includes the ionic mobility of each species, a major governing parameter. Two distinct mechanics have been identified as the causes for the EOF hysteresis involving dissimilar ionic solutions: the widening/sharpening effect of interfacial region between the two solutions and the difference in ion concentration distributions (and thus average zeta potentials) in different flow directions. The outcome of this investigation contributes to the fundamental understanding of flow behavior in microfluidic systems involving solution pair with dissimilar ionic species. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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confidence: 99%

Electroosmotic flow hysteresis for dissimilar ionic solutions

Lim

Lam

2015

Biomicrofluidics

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“…Sample concentration is frequently implemented also by combined electrochromatographic or pure electrophoretic approaches . The examples of the former group are (i) capillary liquid–liquid electroextraction based on a fast electromigration of polar analytes from organic phase to aqueous phase and on formation of a narrow zone in this phase , and (ii) similar electrodriven peptide extraction across supported liquid membrane .…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As follows from the reviews on the recent progresses and applications of CITP and microchip ITP , direct applications of this mode to analytical and preparative separations of peptides are relatively limited. However, ITP or t‐ITP are often employed as preconcentration and/or preseparation steps prior to CE analysis of cationic or anionic analytes including peptides present at low concentrations and/or in complex mixtures. Above‐mentioned (see Section ) ten times improved high‐sensitive determination (with LOD 0.1 ng/mL) opioid peptides in human plasma , rapid and sensitive preconcentration of the tryptic peptides of 16 proteins after multistep elution from SPME sorbent , and ultrasensitive peptide quantitation at 50 amol level in complex mixture of much more abundant BSA digest are the practical examples of t‐ITP application for peptide analysis.…”

Section: Separations In Different Ce and Cec Modesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in capillary and microchip electroseparations of peptides (2011–2013)

Kašička

2013

Electrophoresis

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The review presents a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of capillary and microchip electroseparation methods (zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography) for analysis, isolation, purification, and physicochemical and biochemical characterization of peptides. Advances in the investigation of electromigration properties of peptides, in the methodology of their analysis, including sample preseparation, preconcentration and derivatization, adsorption suppression and EOF control, as well as in detection of peptides, are presented. New developments in particular CE and CEC modes are reported and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are described: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, determination in complex (bio)matrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid, sequence and chiral analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some micropreparative peptide separations are shown and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide relevant physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.

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“…In order to improve CE concentration sensitivity, a number of on-line sample preconcentration strategies have been developed [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Most of these strategies are based on a chemical discontinuity that is located inside the capillary around which analytes are concentrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%