Contemporary Legal Istimbat: Study on the Theory of Changes in Fatwa According to Yusuf Qardhawi

Abstract

This research departs from the problems faced by modern society and Muslims against the reality and actions that arise in response to the development and progress of the times in various aspects of life that require legal status (legal istinbat) as a guide in their lives, so the study aims to examine changes and the development of contemporary fatwas based on theory and changes according to Yusuf Qardhawi. The research uses qualitative research with a library research approach, while the data sources are al-Fatwa Baina al-Indibad aw al-Tasayyub, Mushkilat al-Faqr wa Kayfa 'Alajaha al-Islam, Fawaid al-Bunuk Hiya al-Riba al-Haram, Daur al-Qiyam al-Akhlaq fi Iqtisad al-Islamy and other books as for data analysis using qualitative.The results of the study are that Yusuf al-Qardhawi is a contemporary scholar who is an expert in Islamic law. In giving the fatwa, Yusuf al-Qardhawi pays attention to changes that occur, both changes that occur in classical times and changes that occur at this time that require legal terms or fatwas. As a legal product that is a response to the reality and problems that occur, Yusuf al-Qardhawi offers ten instruments with a fatwa that can change due to: First, Change of Place. Second, the changing times. Third, change in circumstances. Fourth, the change of 'urf. Fifth, Changes in Information/Knowledge. Sixth, Changes in Human Needs. Seventh, changes in human abilities. Eighth, changes in social, economic, and political situations. Ninth, change of opinion and thought, and tenth, general disaster.Keywords: Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Contemporary AbstrakPenelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat modern dan umat Islam terhadap realitas dan tindakan yang muncul dalam menanggapi perkembangan dan kemajuan zaman dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan yang memerlukan status hukum (istimbat hukum) sebagai pedoman dalam kehidupannya, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan dan perkembangan fatwa kontemporer berdasarkan teori dan perubahan menurut Yusuf Qardhawi. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian kepustakaan, sedangkan sumber datanya adalah al-Fatwa Baina al-Indibad aw al-Tasayyub, Mushkilat al-Faqr wa Kayfa 'Alajaha al-Islam, Fawaid al-Bunuk Hiya al-Riba al- Haram, Daur al-Qiyam al-Akhlaq fi Iqtisad al-Islamy dan kitab-kitab lainnya adapun analisis data menggunakan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian adalah Yusuf al-Qardhawi adalah ulama kontemporer yang ahli dalam hukum Islam. Dalam memberikan fatwa, Yusuf al-Qardhawi memperhatikan perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi, baik perubahan yang terjadi pada zaman klasik maupun perubahan yang terjadi pada masa ini yang memerlukan ketentuan hukum atau fatwa. Sebagai produk hukum yang merupakan jawaban atas realitas dan permasalahan yang terjadi, Yusuf al-Qardhawi menawarkan sepuluh instrumen fatwa yang dapat berubah karena: Pertama, Perubahan Tempat. Kedua, perubahan zaman. Ketiga, perubahan keadaan. Keempat, perubahan 'urf. Kelima, Perubahan Informasi/Pengetahuan. Keenam, Perubahan Kebutuhan Manusia. Ketujuh, perubahan kemampuan manusia. Kedelapan, perubahan situasi sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Kesembilan, perubahan pendapat dan pemikiran, dan kesepuluh, bencana umum.Keywords: Yusuf Qardhawi; Fatwa; Kontemporer

Consumption Behavior of Islamic Economic Perspective During the Covid-19 Pandemic

“…Students who like the world of fashion encourage them to take advantage of buying online the goods and services they want to appear fashionable in front of others. [27] [28] The factor that influences consumptive behavior which is the reason for students to fulfill their lifestyle in the community or campus environment is that most students tend to want to satisfy themselves by buying things that are considered trendy and contemporary. This is a big influence among students to shop for secondary needs [23].…”

Implementation of Professional Zakat of State Civil Apparatus in Indonesian in Islamic Law Perspective

“…3 of 2003 concerning income zakat. [4] [32] Civil servants in the Ambalawi sub-district office, Bima Regency, in issuing income zakat have not been by the predetermined nishab. And some do not want to issue it through an official institution because the management of the sub-district Baznas is not transparent, professional and accountable in the management of zakat issues.…”

The Strategy of Sharia Economics in Realizing the Prosperity of the Ummah in Industry 4.0

“…Strengthening and expanding the halal network until the formation of halal in every region throughout Indonesia from upstream to downstream and the halal value chain. This strategy will build halal hubs in various regions according to the comparative advantages of each of these regions by creating and developing halal standards or initial requirements that are effective and accepted by the public and the entire international community; conduct socialization and campaign on the concept of halal living; build an international halal center as an instrument for partners between countries and fully support local and international investors to invest in supporting the development and strengthening of the halal value industry starting from raw materials, production, distribution and marketing processes [29]. b.…”