Contemporary kinematics of the Upper Rhine Graben: A 3D finite element approach

Buchmann, T.; Connolly, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2007.02.012

Cited by 75 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…1) is similar to other studies on numerical stress field modelling (e.g. Buchmann and Connolly, 2007;Fischer and Henk, 2013;Heidbach et al, 2013;Hergert and Heidbach, 2011). However, in contrast to former studies, the number of in situ stress data from the Alberta Basin allows a statistical comparison with the model results.…”

Section: Workflow and Calibrationsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…There are several studies on tectonic plate scale stress orientation patterns in 2-D (e.g. Coblentz and Richardson, 1996;Dyksterhuis et al, 2005;Humphreys and Coblentz, 2007;Jarosinski et al, 2006), large-scale (regional) models in 3-D (Buchmann and Connolly, 2007;Hergert and Heidbach, 2011;Parsons, 2006), as well as local (reservoir-scale) 3-D models (e.g. Fischer and Henk, 2013;Heidbach et al, 2013;Henk, 2005;Orlic and Wassing, 2012;Van Wees et al, 2003).…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, there are little in situ stress data available for model calibration in published studies (e.g. Buchmann and Connolly, 2007;Fischer and Henk, 2013;Heidbach et al, 2013;Hergert and Heidbach, 2011), which rules out any statistical validation.…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5). This technique has so far been used only occasionally (Buchmann and Connolly, 2007;Hergert and Heidbach, 2011). By generating the initial stress model, settlement due to the gravitational load occurs.…”

Section: Initial Stress Statementioning

confidence: 99%

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3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada)

Reiter

Heidbach

2014

Solid Earth

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Abstract. In the context of examining the potential usage of safe and sustainable geothermal energy in the Alberta Basin, whether in deep sediments or crystalline rock, the understanding of the in situ stress state is crucial. It is a key challenge to estimate the 3-D stress state at an arbitrarily chosen point in the crust, based on sparsely distributed in situ stress data.To address this challenge, we present a large-scale 3-D geomechanical-numerical model (700 km×1200 km×80 km) from a large portion of the Alberta Basin, to provide a 3-D continuous quantification of the contemporary stress orientations and stress magnitudes. To calibrate the model, we use a large database of in situ stress orientation (321 S Hmax ) as well as stress magnitude data (981 S V , 1720 S hmin and 2 (+11) S Hmax ) from the Alberta Basin. To find the best-fit model, we vary the material properties and primarily the displacement boundary conditions of the model. This study focusses in detail on the statistical calibration procedure, because of the large amount of available data, the diversity of data types, and the importance of the order of data tests.The best-fit model provides the total 3-D stress tensor for nearly the whole Alberta Basin, and allows estimation of stress orientation and stress magnitudes in advance of any well. First-order implications for the well design and configuration of enhanced geothermal systems are revealed. Systematic deviations of the modelled stress from the in situ data are found for stress orientations in the Peace River and the Bow Island Arch as well as for leak-off test magnitudes.

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Section: Workflow and Calibrationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Initial Stress Statementioning

confidence: 99%

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3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada)

Reiter

Heidbach

2014

Solid Earth

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“…But uncertainties of calibration are usually unknown, as mostly just a few data are available (e.g. Fischer and Henk, 2013;Buchmann and Connolly, 2007;Heidbach et al, 2013). A major progress for reliability of models would be availability of a sufficient amount of data, so that a statistical calibration procedure could be applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Stress Model Calibration

Reiter¹,

Heidbach²

2015

Proceedings

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SUMMARYThe estimation of orientation and magnitude of crustal stresses is crucial for the design phase of technological and safe underground usage. As usually only a few in-situ data are available, stress prediction is challenging. Geomechanical-numerical modelling is the only tool, which allows stress prediction that takes material properties and inhomogeneities into account. The model calibration is essential to find the best-fitting stress results. The presented workflow allows the statistically proved calibration to determine the best-fit model. Furthermore, statistic tests speed up the calibration process. The order in which model-independent data are used for model calibration pay attention to the interrelation between the stress components. Therefore, data of vertical stress are tested first to optimize material properties. Second, the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress is used to optimize orientation of applied boundary conditions. Finally, the magnitudes of minimum and maximum horizontal stress are varied to find the optimal strain, applied by the boundary conditions.

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Evolution of stress and fault patterns in oblique rift systems: 3‐D numerical lithospheric‐scale experiments from rift to breakup

Brune

2014

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

112

117

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Rifting involves complex normal faulting that is controlled by extension direction, reactivation of prerift structures, sedimentation, and dyke dynamics. The relative impact of these factors on the observed fault pattern, however, is difficult to deduce from field-based studies alone. This study provides insight in crustal stress patterns and fault orientations by employing a laterally homogeneous, 3-D rift setup with constant extension velocity. The presented numerical forward experiments cover the whole spectrum of oblique extension. They are conducted using an elastoviscoplastic finite element model and involve crustal and mantle layers accounting for self-consistent necking of the lithosphere. Despite recent advances, 3-D numerical experiments still require relatively coarse resolution so that individual faults are poorly resolved. This issue is addressed by applying a post processing method that identifies the stress regime and preferred fault azimuth at each surface element. The simple model setup results in a surprising variety of fault orientations that are solely caused by the three-dimensionality of oblique rift systems. Depending on rift obliquity, these orientations can be grouped in terms of rift-parallel, extension-orthogonal, and intermediate normal fault directions as well as strike-slip faults. While results compare well with analog rift models of low to moderate obliquity, new insight is gained in advanced rift stages and highly oblique settings. Individual fault populations are activated in a characteristic multiphase evolution driven by lateral density variations of the evolving rift system. In natural rift systems, this pattern might be modified by additional heterogeneities, surface processes, and dyke dynamics.

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Contemporary kinematics of the Upper Rhine Graben: A 3D finite element approach

Cited by 75 publications

References 54 publications

3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada)

3-D geomechanical–numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada)

Statistical Stress Model Calibration

Evolution of stress and fault patterns in oblique rift systems: 3‐D numerical lithospheric‐scale experiments from rift to breakup

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