“…Halal tourism as part of the halal industry is one type of tourism that supports a new growth sector in the global economy which is starting to be of interest to many countries, such as in Asia, the Middle East, Europe, and America (Manan, Abd Rahman, & Sahri, 2016;Elasrag, 2016), despite the expansion and standardization of the market for halal products and services, there are political, social and economic contestations and differences (Bergeaud-Blackler, Fischer, & Jaelani, A., Firdaus, S., Sukardi, D., Bakhri, S. & Muamar, A. (2021)…”