Contemporary Epidemiology of Bladder Exstrophy in the United States

Abstract

Bladder exstrophy is rare, occurs in equal numbers of live male and female newborns, and is associated with certain co-morbid conditions. Incidence appears to be stable through time. Nonwhite race, uninsured status, high or low SES and Western geographic region are associated with lower exstrophy incidence.

The Pitfalls of Imaging in the Antenatal Diagnosis of Bladder Exstrophy-Epispadias Complex in a Resource-low Setting

“…This incidence varies depending on the geographical location and socioeconomic status (3) . The clinical syndrome includes bladder exstrophy, epispadias, and cloacal exstrophy.…”

“…Epidemiology BEEC is a rare congenital malformation of the genitourinary system with the overall incidence estimated by Nelson et al (3) in 2.15 per 100,000 live births, with an even male-to-female ratio (OR = 0.989; 95% CI = 0.88-1.12), and a significantly increased incidence in white compared with non-white neonates (incidence, 2.63 vs. 1.54 per 100,000; p < 0.0001). This incidence varies depending on the geographical location and socioeconomic status (3) .…”

Post open prostatectomy bladder exteriorization mimicking &ldquo;acquired bladder extrophy&rsquo;&rsquo;

“…Elongated verumontanum and occluding lateral lobes of the prostate seen in urethrocystoscopy and transrectal ultrasonographic investigation referred to as homogeneous prostatic architecture. [1][2][3] The American Urological Association symptom index or International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) categorized as minor (0-7), moderate (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe (20-35) can assist in deciding the appropriate treatment option. 3 These includes medical minimal invasive techniques, 4 transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), and open surgical enucleation.…”

Bladder exstrophy: reconstructed female patients achieving normal pregnancy and delivering normal babies

“…Its incidence varies from 1:30,000-1:50,000 live births, being up to 2.8 times more frequent in the male sex and 1.7 times more frequent in caucasians (2)(3)(4). There is a risk of recurrence of 0.5-3.0% in families with one affected subject.…”