Contemporary deformation in the Kashmir–Himachal, Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya: significant insights from 1995–2008 GPS time series

Jade, Sridevi; Mukul, Malay; Gaur, V. K.; Kumar, K.G.; Shrungeshwar, T. S.; Satyal, G. S.; Dumka, Rakesh K.; Jagannathan, Saigeetha; Ananda, M. B.; Kumar, Pankaj; Banerjee, Souvik

doi:10.1007/s00190-014-0702-3

Cited by 87 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Presently the Pindar River is incising through the hinge of the anticline hence the continued fold growth is reflected in higher incision rate in the inner lesser Himalaya. Our estimates accords well with the recent GPS studies from the region (Jade et al, 2014). Further comparable incision rates are obtained from the Higher and the Lesser Himalaya, which we ascribe to a combination of enhanced crustal deformation coupled with periods of strengthen of ISM (Fig.…”

Section: Tectonicssupporting

confidence: 90%

Reconstruction of Late Quaternary climate and seismicity using fluvial landforms in Pindar River valley, Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Kothyari

Shukla

Juyal

2017

Quaternary International

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Section: Tectonicssupporting

confidence: 90%

Reconstruction of Late Quaternary climate and seismicity using fluvial landforms in Pindar River valley, Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Kothyari

Shukla

Juyal

2017

Quaternary International

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“…The easternmost part of the MBT zone shows a significant amount of surface uplift with GLA ranging from −2 to −4. The observed range of GLA magnitude is well corroborated with the GPS driven convergence rates of Kumaun Himalaya, which suggests ∼5–10 mm/year convergence is being accommodated in the Lesser Himalayan region, ~3–4 mm/year in the Higher Himalaya and ~6 mm/year in the Tethys Himalayan region (Jade et al, ). The horizontal surface deformation between HFT and MCT shows crustal shortening of ~15 mm/year within the 100 km‐wide zone (Banerjee & Bürgmann, ) which is consistence with an estimated geological slip rate 14 mm/year (Powers, Lillie, & Yeats, ; Wesnousky, Kumar, Mohindra, & Thakur, ).…”

Section: Morphometric Analysissupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Further, Ader et al () estimated a convergence rate of 18–20 mm/year for the Nepal Himalaya. The published results of GPS shows 12 mm/year shortening is being accommodated between NAT and MCT (Jade et al, ) which suggests that ~9 mm/year of Lesser Himalaya, e.g. footwall of MT and ∼3 mm/year shortening in the Higher Himalaya.…”

Section: Morphometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

2019

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We have analysed the geomorphic signatures in aggregation with the geomorphic indices with respect to hinterland and foreland neotectonic variability across the major Himalayan thrust system along the Kali River valley of eastern Kumaun Himalaya. The valley floor morphology in the vicinity of the major thrust gave rise to the accommodation space for the aggradation of the recent fluvial sediments. For a longitudinal distance of 212 km between the South Tibet Detachment (STD)and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), the valley has preserved significant aggradational landforms. These landforms have been physically examined to explain the spatial and temporal variability in phases of aggradation/incision in response to the tectonic activity during the late Quaternary. Fossil valleys and associated epigenetic gorges, cut-and-fill terraces with thick alluvial cover, debris-flow terraces, bedrock strath terraces, and alluvial fan terraces are the significant aggradational landforms observed within the valley. They provide signatures of tectonic activity and past climatic records. We have analysed various geomorphic indices, namely, stream-gradient index (SL), steepness index (Ks), hypsometric curve and index (HI), and asymmetric factor (AF) to map the spatial variability in tectonic processes across the major thrusts. The channel morphology (depth and width) of a river becomes adjusted in geological time because of long-term tectonic and erosional processes. However, the channel geometry and deviations can be highly adjustable in a tectonically disturbed mountainous region. The deviations along the river course can be attributed to active tectonic movement along thrusts/faults or because of erosion/sedimentation processes. We applied a novel method called the river Gradient Length Anomaly (GLA) for 37 subbasins of the Kali River to deduce active deformation (uplift/subsidence) corresponding to the increased sedimentation and erosional rates, both from the upstream and downstream parts of the thrusted blocks, from where river flows through. The results of basin-wise morphometric indices were corroborated with GLA anomaly and field observations, which suggests that the area has undergone active deformation between the Main Central Thrust (MCT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), which is attributed to the regional compression. The results of geomorphic and morphometric data are validated with the focal mechanisms of moderate earthquakes. The geomorphic analysis suggests that the hinterland part of eastern Kumaun is more active than the foreland region.

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“…Blue and red vectors show campaign and permanent GPS data from this study, respectively. Black vectors are from Banerjee et al [], Bettinelli et al [], Gahalaut et al [], Gan et al [], Jade [], Jade et al [], Jade et al [], Liang et al [], Mahesh et al [], Mukul et al [], Tang et al [], and Vernant et al []. Ellipses indicate 1 σ confidence regions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of interseismic coupling variations along the Bhutan Himalayan arc from new GPS data

Marechal

Mazzotti

Cattin

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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Although the first‐order pattern of present‐day deformation is relatively well resolved across the Himalayas, irregular data coverage limits detailed analyses of spatial variations of interseismic coupling. We provide the first GPS velocity field for the Bhutan Himalaya. Combined with published data, these observations show strong east‐west variations in coupling between central and eastern Bhutan. In contrast with previous estimations of first‐order uniform interseismic coupling along the Himalayan arc, we identify significant lateral variations: In western and central Bhutan, the fully coupled segment is 135–155 km wide with an abrupt downdip transition, whereas in eastern Bhutan the fully coupled segment is 100–120 km wide and is limited updip and downdip by partially creeping segments. This is the first observation of decoupling on the upper ramp along the Himalayan arc, with important implications for large earthquake surface rupture and seismic hazard.

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Contemporary deformation in the Kashmir–Himachal, Garhwal and Kumaon Himalaya: significant insights from 1995–2008 GPS time series

Cited by 87 publications

References 22 publications

Reconstruction of Late Quaternary climate and seismicity using fluvial landforms in Pindar River valley, Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Reconstruction of Late Quaternary climate and seismicity using fluvial landforms in Pindar River valley, Central Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India

Evaluation of neotectonic variability along major Himalayan thrusts within the Kali River basin using geomorphic markers, Central Kumaun Himalaya, India

Evidence of interseismic coupling variations along the Bhutan Himalayan arc from new GPS data

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