Contemporary Concise Review 2022: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract

International respiratory organizations now recommend using lower limit of normal and standardized residuals to diagnose airflow obstruction and COPD though using a fixed ratio <0.7 is simpler and robustly predicts important clinical outcomes.• The most common COPD comorbidities are coronary artery calcification, emphysema and bronchiectasis. COPD patients with psychological (high anxiety and depression) and cachectic (underweight and osteoporotic) comorbidity have higher mortality and exacerbate more. • Serum eosinophil count remains an important COPD biomarker and we have greater clarity about normal eosinophil levels in COPD and the wider population. • Criteria for entry into COPD clinical trials continue to exclude many patients, in particular those at greater risk of exacerbation and death. • The effect of hyperinflation on cardiac function impacts COPD mortality and is an important target for successful lung volume reduction procedures.

Potential for Pathogenetic Correction of Protease-Antiprotease System Imbalance in Patients With Comorbidity of Stable Angina Pectoris of the Ii-Iii Functional Class and Stage Ii-Iii Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

“…Загалом шістдесят пацієнтів отримували або розувастатин 10 мг, або плацебо один раз на день на додаток до традиційного лікування протягом 12 тижнів. Звичайні дослідження крові, легеневі функції, ехокардіограма, фізична здатність і якість життя за допомогою опитувальника оцінювалися на початку та через 12 тижнів [22].…”

Comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity-A prospective, observational study

“…The acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) refers to a sudden worsening of symptoms in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, characterized by a rapid onset of increased breathlessness, cough, and heightened sputum production [ 2 ]. AECOPD often triggers higher mortality and morbidity rates, a rapid decline in lung function, and increased healthcare expenses [ 3 ].…”

Survey of Health Literacy Among Japanese Outpatients with Mental Illness

“…Difficulties in self-care in these patients are considered to promote this condition. 4 In particular, anxiety disorders can also affect physical health, leading to issues including cardiovascular, 5 respiratory, 6 gastrointestinal 7 and immune system disorders. 8 Chronic stress and anxiety can contribute to high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, and other health problems affecting the heart and blood vessels.…”

“… 5 People with anxiety may experience shortness of breath or hyperventilation, which can worsen respiratory conditions, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 6 Anxiety can cause or exacerbate digestive issues by affecting the way the digestive system functions. 7 Chronic stress and anxiety can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections and illnesses, including cancer.…”