Anarchy is a philosophy whose core value is the opposition to ideas of authority, hierarchy, domination, exploitation, and ruling. Anarchy includes a vast and variegated universe of different theories, practices, political visions, and projects, and it is possible to name a number of different subcategories including, for example, individual anarchism, collectivist anarchism, anarchist-communism, pacifist anarchism, insurrectionary anarchism, or post-anarchism. These different strands of anarchism share the desire for eliminating authoritarian, coercive, and repressive structures and relations, including capitalism and the state. A pivotal argument of social anarchists is that co-operation, mutual aid, and sociospatial networks offer alternatives to utilitarianism and competition for the organization of collective life and for privileging human relations in regulating social phenomena.Anarchic arguments and views have had major implications for geography, urbanism, and spatial thinking in general, and it is not a coincidence that two major authors in the history of anarchism, Élisée Reclus (1830Reclus ( -1905 and Peter Kropotkin (1842-1921) were geographers. They both assumed that land use, human settlements, and built environments may have a role in transforming social, economic, and ecological relationships, which is a position that shares many perspectives with urban planning (Breitbart, 2009;Crouch, 2017). Among relevant anarchic ideas about space and politics, decentralization and self-government must be mentioned, originally advocated by intellectuals such as Alexis de Tocqueville and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon. Particularly, Kropotkin elaborated decentralism as a spatial pattern based on federations of autonomous associations, villages, and urban neighborhoods, allowing communal development and the voluntary, reciprocal exchange of goods, ideas, art, knowledge, experiences, and ways of life. In his vision, mutual aid and common benefit may be driving forces in communities, an idea quite at odds with the Darwinist and colonialist perspectives that dominated social sciences and geography at that time. Anarchist ideas have been also innovative in conceptualizing relations between the social and the environmental spheres. In a pioneering way, Reclus developed a kind of systemic understanding of natural and social phenomena, by intending land