Contamination: The toxic side of rice

Sohn, Emily

doi:10.1038/514s62a

Cited by 102 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…1,2) Still, 100 million people are the sufferers with the arsenic contamination from various resources. 3,4) throughout the world (both South, South…”

Section: ．Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Oxyanions Removal from Waste Water by Accelerated Carbonation

Thriveni

Ahn

Ramakrisna

2017

Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Jap

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“…1,2) Still, 100 million people are the sufferers with the arsenic contamination from various resources. 3,4) throughout the world (both South, South…”

Section: ．Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Oxyanions Removal from Waste Water by Accelerated Carbonation

Thriveni

Ahn

Ramakrisna

2017

Journal of the Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Jap

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“…While most attention has been traditionally paid to chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic through drinking water, recent studies have called attention to significant human exposure to arsenic in food , most notably via consumption of some rice and rice-based products [3, 12, 20, 24, 40–61]. Application of pesticides containing arsenic by cotton, tobacco, grape and apple growers in the South Central U.S. in the 1950s has resulted in accumulation of low levels of arsenic in treated soils [49, 52, 59, 62, 63].…”

Section: Environmental Arsenic: a Public Health Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, removing the husk and converting brown rice into white removes most of the arsenic, which accumulates in the outermost layers of the grain, although other minerals and nutrients are also removed in this process. One of the easiest solutions to reduce the amount of arsenic in rice is to use three times more arsenic-free water than rice when cooking, and rinsing the rice before and after cooking, an activity that reduces the amount of arsenic in rice by 30% [40]. Also, aeration of contaminated groundwater during irrigation has been found to significantly reduce arsenic uptake by rice by causing the co-precipitation of arsenic with iron, a commonly occurring co-contaminant of arsenic [59].…”

Section: Summit Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDI Biological Laboratory Arsenic Summit: Approaches to Limiting Human Exposure to Arsenic

Caldwell

Congdon

Disney

et al. 2015

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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This report is the outcome of the meeting: “Environmental and Human Health Consequences of Arsenic”, held at the MDI Biological Laboratory in Salisbury Cove, Maine, August 13–15, 2014. Human exposure to arsenic represents a significant health problem worldwide that requires immediate attention according to the World Health Organization (WHO). One billion people are exposed to arsenic in food and more than 200 million people ingest arsenic via drinking water at concentrations greater than international standards. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a limit of 10 micrograms per liter (10 μg/L) in public water supplies and the WHO has recommended an upper limit of 10 μg/L, recent studies indicate that these limits are not protective enough. In addition, there are currently few standards for arsenic in food. Those who participated in the Summit support citizens, scientists, policymakers, industry and educators at the local, state, national and international levels to: (1) Establish science-based evidence for setting standards at the local, state, national, and global levels for arsenic in water and food; (2) Work with government agencies to set regulations for arsenic in water and food, to establish and strengthen non-regulatory programs, and to strengthen collaboration among government agencies, NGOs, academia, the private sector, industry and others; (3) Develop novel and cost-effective technologies for identification and reduction of exposure to arsenic in water; (4) Develop novel and cost-effective approaches to reduce arsenic exposure in juice, rice, and other relevant foods, and (5) Develop an Arsenic Education Plan to guide the development of science curricula as well as community outreach and education programs that serve to inform students and consumers about arsenic exposure and engage them in well water testing and development of remediation strategies.

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“…However, the toxic metallic elements in rice grains transferred from the environment and agricultural input2 often pose great risks to food safety and human health because of their toxicity, persistence, and non-degradability3. Those toxic metals include arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium Cr), and lead (Pb).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of four toxic metals in a single rice seed by matrix solid phase dispersion -inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Chen

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Toxic metals in rice pose great risks to human health. Metal bioaccumulation in rice grains is a criterion of breeding. Rice breeding requires a sensitive method to determine metal content in single rice grains to assist the variety selection. In the present study, four toxic metals of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) in a single rice grain were determined by a simple and rapid method. The developed method is based on matrix solid phase dispersion using multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as dispersing agent and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The experimental parameters were systematically investigated. The limits of detection (LOD) were 5.0, 0.6, 10 and 2.1 ng g−1 for As, Cd, Cr, and Pb, respectively, with relative standard deviations (n = 6) of <7.7%, demonstrating the good sensitivity and precision of the method. The results of 30 real world rice samples analyzed by this method agreed well with those obtained by the standard microwave digestion. The amount of sample required was reduced approximately 100 fold in comparison with the microwave digestion. The method has a high application potential for other sample matrices and elements with high sensitivity and sample throughput.

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Contamination: The toxic side of rice

Cited by 102 publications

References 6 publications

Arsenic Oxyanions Removal from Waste Water by Accelerated Carbonation

Arsenic Oxyanions Removal from Waste Water by Accelerated Carbonation

MDI Biological Laboratory Arsenic Summit: Approaches to Limiting Human Exposure to Arsenic

Analysis of four toxic metals in a single rice seed by matrix solid phase dispersion -inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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