Contamination, regulation, and remediation: an introduction to bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold regions

Snape, Ian; Acomb, Larry; Barnes, David L.; Bainbridge, Steve; Eno, Robert; Filler, Dennis M.; Plato, Natalie; Poland, John S.; Raymond, Tania; Rayner, J. C. W.; Riddle, Martin J.; Rike, Anne Gunn; Rutter, Allison; Schafer, Alexis N.; Siciliano, Steven D.; Walworth, James

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535956.003

Cited by 17 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Such differences in standards among countries lead to questions regarding the most appropriate environmentally relevant remediation target. The most ecologically protective and relevant guidelines should incorporate thorough site-specific ecological risk assessments, encompassing chemical, toxicological, and ecological data, highlighting compounds that require remediation to pre-determined protective concentrations [5,6]. Using M. macquariensis as an indicator of soil quality, the endpoints developed in the present study suggests that soil SAB concentrations of between approximately 50 to 200 mg SAB/kg soil would be a sufficiently protective remediation target depending on soil type.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Macquarie Island is governed by Tasmanian State Jurisdiction and hence falls under Australian legislation for hydrocarbon remediation guidelines. Investigating levels for diesel range petroleum hydrocarbon contamination currently used in the Arctic vary greatly, ranging from 100 mg/kg in Norway to 2,000 mg/kg in Canada [5]. Such differences in standards among countries lead to questions regarding the most appropriate environmentally relevant remediation target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No universally accepted guidelines have been developed specifically for the assessment and remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in cold regions [5]. Nations operating in polar and subpolar regions regulate the management of contaminated sites through domestic guidelines and legislation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nations operating in polar and subpolar regions regulate the management of contaminated sites through domestic guidelines and legislation. To assess the impact of contamination on an ecosystem fully, a weight of evidence approach to environmental risk assessment, which includes chemical analysis, ecotoxicological testing, and ecological assessment is recommended [5,6]. Toxicity tests using a suite of species from different trophic levels are therefore an important component of risk assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis

Mooney

King

Wasley

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-Several fuel spills have occurred on subantarctic Macquarie Island (54830 0 S 158857 0 E) associated with storing fuel and generating power for the island's research station. The Australian Antarctic Division began full-scale, on-site remediation of these sites in 2009. To develop appropriate target concentrations for remediation, acute and chronic tests were developed with the endemic earthworm, Microscolex macquariensis, using avoidance, survival, and reproduction as endpoints. Uncontaminated low (3%), medium (11%), and high (38-48%) carbon content soils from Macquarie Island were used to examine the influence of soil carbon on toxicity. Soils were spiked with Special Antarctic Blend (SAB) diesel and used either immediately to simulate a fresh spill or after four weeks to simulate an aged spill. Earthworms were sensitive to fresh SAB, with significant avoidance at 181 mg/kg; acute 14-d survival median lethal concentration (LC50) of 103 mg/kg for low carbon soil; and juvenile production median effective concentration (EC50) of 317 mg/kg for high carbon soil. Earthworms were less sensitive to aged SAB than to fresh SAB in high carbon soil for juvenile production (EC50 of 1,753 and 317 mg/kg, respectively), but were more sensitive for adult survival (LC50 of 2,322 and 1,364 mg/kg, respectively). Using M. macquariensis as a surrogate for soil quality, approximately 50 to 200 mg SAB/kg soil would be a sufficiently protective remediation target.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis

Mooney

King

Wasley

et al. 2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Currently, available remediation trigger concentrations in polar and subpolar soils are largely based upon countries' domestic guidelines for diesel fuel. The subsequent values are highly variable, ranging between 100 mg kg Ϫ1 and 2,000 mg kg Ϫ1 , with no evidence-based guidance for sitespecific modifications (3). It has been recommended that a weight-of-evidence approach integrating site-specific ecotoxicological, chemical, and ecological assessments is needed to develop universally accepted guidelines for petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in cold regions (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Targets as Potential Indicators of Diesel Fuel Toxicity in Subantarctic Soils

Dorst

Siciliano

Winsley

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cAppropriate remediation targets or universal guidelines for polar regions do not currently exist, and a comprehensive understanding of the effects of diesel fuel on the natural microbial populations in polar and subpolar soils is lacking. Our aim was to investigate the response of the bacterial community to diesel fuel and to evaluate if these responses have the potential to be used as indicators of soil toxicity thresholds. We set up short-and long-exposure tests across a soil organic carbon gradient. Utilizing broad and targeted community indices, as well as functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle, we investigated the bacterial community structure and its potential functioning in response to special Antarctic blend (SAB) diesel fuel. We found the primary effect of diesel fuel toxicity was a reduction in species richness, evenness, and phylogenetic diversity, with the resulting community heavily dominated by a few species, principally Pseudomonas. The decline in richness and phylogenetic diversity was linked to disruption of the nitrogen cycle, with species and functional genes involved in nitrification significantly reduced. Of the 11 targets we evaluated, we found the bacterial amoA gene indicative of potential ammonium oxidation, the most suitable indicator of toxicity. Dose-response modeling for this target generated an average effective concentration responsible for 20% change (EC 20 ) of 155 mg kg ؊1 , which is consistent with previous Macquarie Island ecotoxicology assays. Unlike traditional single-species tolerance testing, bacterial targets allowed us to simultaneously evaluate more than 1,700 species from 39 phyla, inclusive of rare, sensitive, and functionally relevant portions of the community.

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Arctic and Antarctic Spills

Filler

Kennicutt

Snape

et al. 2014

Handbook of Oil Spill Science and Technology

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Contamination, regulation, and remediation: an introduction to bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in cold regions

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis

Toxicity of diesel contaminated soils to the subantarctic earthworm Microscolex macquariensis

Bacterial Targets as Potential Indicators of Diesel Fuel Toxicity in Subantarctic Soils

Arctic and Antarctic Spills

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