Contamination of UHT milk by aflatoxin M1 in Iran

Heshmati, Ali; Milani, Jafar Mohammadzadeh

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2009.03.013

Cited by 78 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Results of this study are similar to the results obtained by Atanda et al [18], but higher than that estimated by previous studies of Zinedine et al [19], Heshmati and Milani [20]. Though these studies were on AFM 1 levels and occurrence in livestock milk not in livestock livers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparative Study of Aflatoxin M1 in Livestock Livers from Minna, Nigeria

Makun¹,

Mwanza²,

Iheanacho³

et al. 2017

J Liver

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Liver as an organ of metabolism is disposed to toxins deposition and Livestock liver contributes to food security as major source of protein. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a carcinogenous metabolite aflatoxin B1 resulting from hydroxylation. To elucidate aflatoxin M1 incidence and levels in livestock livers from Minna-Nigeria, 24 hours fresh liver samples (n=122; 72 cow livers and 50 goat livers) were collected from five abattoirs and subjected to standard aflatoxin extractions via column chromatography and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography. Data showed the presence of AFM1 in some livestock livers. However, detected toxin levels in mean percentages and correlation of variation amongst the individual livestock livers was evident, with a 83.3% (60/72) incidence and a mean detection level of 1.464 µg/kg in cattle livers, as compared to 58.0% (29/50) incidence and a mean of 0.425 µg/kg in goats livers. Contamination in some samples; 52% (26/50) of goat liver and 62.5% (45/72) cow liver exceeded the EU, US and FDA limit of 0.05 µg/kg, indicating human exposure to animal liver with high level aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, there is a need to limit the exposure to aflatoxin by enforcing regulatory limits on animal feed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Comparative Study of Aflatoxin M1 in Livestock Livers from Minna, Nigeria

Makun¹,

Mwanza²,

Iheanacho³

et al. 2017

J Liver

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“…Furthermore, the use of preserved green fodder is becoming more common in the form of hay and silage. Lack of cool chain systems and high temperature and humidity during the monsoon season often facilitate the growth of A. flavus and A. paraciticus [52]. The presence of these higher levels of AFs in milk available to consumers, including children and women, is alarming in developing countries like Pakistan where public awareness is lacking and health facilities are primitive, particularly for the poor.…”

Section: Aflatoxin M1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aflatoxin Contamination of the Milk Supply: A Pakistan Perspective

Aslam

Wynn

2015

Agriculture

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Improving both quality and quantity of food available is a pressing need especially when one eighth of the world's population consumes less energy than is required for maintenance and is exposed to contaminated food, both of which lead to greater susceptibility to diseases. The Pakistani population depends heavily on milk for nutritional needs and 10% of household income is spent on milk. This commodity requires continuous monitoring and care from its site of production by smallholder dairy producers through to urban consumers along tradition milk marketing chains. Feed ingredients used as concentrate feed to enhance milk production are often contaminated with mycotoxins, which, after ingestion, are transferred into milk. Aflatoxins can contribute to the causation of liver cancers, immune system disorders, and growth-related issues in children. Moreover, deaths in both humans and animals have also been reported after ingestion of aflatoxin-contaminated food. Studies have shown contamination of food and feed ingredients with mycotoxins, especially aflatoxins. This review places the dairy industry into context, summarizes how milk and milk products are contaminated with aflatoxins, and discusses the present legislative regulation of milk quality implemented in Pakistan. There is a need to eliminate fungus-susceptible animal feed ingredients, which are the source of mycotoxins so prevalent in the milk marketed to the consumer in Pakistan. OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 1173

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“…Aflatoxins can be separated and detected using either normal-or reversed-phase HPLC methods mainly with fluorescence spectrometric detection. The use of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC) (44,45) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for the determination of aflatoxins has been reported (46). An alternative complex media based method is reported to detect the natural fluorescence of aflatoxins released by the growing mycelium (47) or relies on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of genes or their transcripts involved in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway (48,49).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Aflatoxins in Medicinal Plants by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mujeeb

Ahmad

et al. 2013

J Pharm Pharm Sci

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-Purpose. The intention of the proposed work is to study the presence of the aflatoxins B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 in medicinal plants, namely Mucuna pruriens, Delphinium denudatum and Portulaca oleraceae. Methodology. The aflatoxins were extracted, purified by immunoaffinity column chromatography and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation (HPLC-MS/MS). Fungal count was carried out in PDA media. Results. A good linear relationship was found for AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 and AFG 2 at 1-10 ppb (r>0.9995). The analyte accuracy under three different spiking levels was 86.7-108.1 %, with low per cent relative standard deviations in each case. The aflatoxins can be separated within 5 to7 min using an Agilent XDB C18-column. We found that AFB 1 and AFB 2 were in trace amounts below the detection limit in M. pruriens whilst they were not detected in D. denudatum. P. oleraceae was found to be contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . AFG 1 and AFG 2 were not detected in M. pruriens, P. oleraceae and were below the detection limit in D. denudatum. This was consistent with very low numbers of fungal colonies observed after 6 hr of incubation. Conclusion. The analytical method developed is simple, precise, accurate, economical and can be effectively used to determine the aflatoxins in medicinal plants and therefore to control the quality of products. The aflatoxin levels in the plant extracts examined were related to the minimal fungal load in the medicinal plants examined.

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Contamination of UHT milk by aflatoxin M1 in Iran

Cited by 78 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative Study of Aflatoxin M1 in Livestock Livers from Minna, Nigeria

Comparative Study of Aflatoxin M1 in Livestock Livers from Minna, Nigeria

Aflatoxin Contamination of the Milk Supply: A Pakistan Perspective

Determination of Aflatoxins in Medicinal Plants by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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