Contamination of the Arctic reflected in microbial metagenomes from the Greenland ice sheet

Hauptmann, Aviaja Zenia Edna Lyberth; Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas; Cameron, Karen A.; Bælum, Jacob; Plichta, Damian R.; Dalgaard, Marlene Danner; Stibal, Marek

doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aa7445

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Most of the recent research on the glacial biome has been devoted to carbon budgets (Stibal et al, ; Stibal et al, ), biogeochemistry (Bagshaw et al, ; Fountain et al, ), microbial communities (Grzesiak et al, ; Uetake et al, ; Zawierucha, Buda, et al, ), pollutants (Ferrario et al, ; Hauptmann et al, ) or general supraglacial habitats descriptions (Fountain et al, ). However, despite 150 years of research on supraglacial ecosystems (Leslie, ), data on the population dynamics and dispersal of animals in the glacial biome are still limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard)

Zawierucha

Buda

Nawrot

2019

Ecological Research

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The question why aquatic communities are often absent in suitable pools still remains a topic of debate and is often explained by dispersal limitation or biological barriers. Cryoconite holes (water‐filled depressions on glaciers) as natural, simple and dynamic habitats in a glacial biome seem to be a good model for addressing this question. The main aim of our research was to investigate links between changes in weather conditions and short temporal changes in invertebrate densities on glaciers. For this study, we selected cryoconite holes on the valley Longyear Glacier and collected samples at two‐day intervals from the same holes in August 2016. During the sampling campaigns, we detected freezing, shrinking and ablation of cryoconite holes. In the samples, we found only two groups of invertebrates, Tardigrada and Rotifera. We observed invertebrates in cryoconite holes until calm weather patterns were interrupted by wind and rainstorm, after which no individuals were detected. Before the storm event, densities in the samples reached up to 149 tardigrades/cm3 and 119 rotifers/cm3 of cryoconite. In addition, we found a strong erosion of cryoconite granules, redistribution into sediments (mud‐like forms), and the migration of granules after rain, which confirmed the mechanical removal of invertebrates by streaming water. Water depth, pH or electrical conductivity did not seem to shape invertebrates communities. Their frequency and densities on valley glaciers depend on stochastic events, for example, weather breakdown (rainstorms). Furthermore, such events may form new niches for tardigrades and rotifers on polar glaciers and influence their coexistence within cryoconite holes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard)

Zawierucha

Buda

Nawrot

2019

Ecological Research

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“…However, PCBs stored in the atmosphere, in soils and in hydrosystems still remain a major issue as revealed by recent studies on marine mammals and ice sheets contamination (Desforges et al, 2018;Hauptmann et al, 2017). Moreover, high PCB levels found in estuarine or riverine fauna -mussels, oysters, eels or fishes -are directly attributed to upstream sediment contamination (Blanchet-Letrouvé et al, 2014;Olenycz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal assessment of the PCB sediment contamination in the four main French River Basins (1945–2018)

Dendievel

Mourier

Coynel

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Environmental pollution by Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) is a key concern about river quality because of their low degradation rates leading to their accumulation in sediments or living organisms. This original interdisciplinary work was conducted at a large scale along the four main French rivers (Seine, Rhône, Loire and Garonne Rivers), which flow into major European seas. We completed a dataset based on sediment analyses provided by monitoring agencies, port authorities and research teams on different solid matrices (cores, bed and flood sediments, suspended particulate matters, dredged sediments). This dataset (n=1416) focused on the seven indicator PCBs and their sum (∑PCBi) from 1945 to 2018. Special effort was put on the quality control to provide robust spatio-temporal information. Taking into account hydrological and human drivers, we outlined two main pollution trends: (1) from 1945 to 1975, a quick increase of ∑PCBi (up to 4 mg.kg−1 dry weight, dw) and a sharp decrease in the 1980s on the Seine and Loire Rivers; (2) increasing but moderate ∑PCBi levels (50 to 150 µg.kg−1 dw) followed by a decline after the 1990s on the Rhône and Garonne Rivers. In addition to these patterns, PCBs emissions from urban and industrial areas or accidental events were significant on each river. Finally, when calculating specific fluxes, the Rhône River exhibited the biggest ∑PCBi load (up to 12 µg.m−2.year−1 in 1977–1987), at least 25 % higher than those of the Seine and Loire Rivers, while the Garonne River showed very low fluxes. French specific ∑PCBi fluxes are two orders of magnitude lower than those found in American or Asian Rivers. In Europe, we confirmed that the Rhone and Seine Rivers provide a major supply of PCBi to the Western Mediterranean and the English Channel, respectively. The dataset is available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.904277.

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“…The metagenomes selected from NCBI using biosample information were the following, each one with its respective SRA entry: Lake Diamante (ERR1824222) (Rascovan et al ., 2016), Socompa stromatolite (SRR3341855) (Kurth et al ., 2017), Tibetan Plateau sediment (SRR3322106) (Chen et al ., 2016), Amazon River (SRR1790676) (Satinsky et al ., 2015), Lake Rauer (SRR6129205) (Tschitschko et al ., 2018), Dewar Creek hot spring (SRR5580900), Greenland cryoconite (SRR5275901) (Hauptmann et al ., 2017), Lake Montjoie (SRR5818193) (Tran et al ., 2018), Olkiluoto Island groundwater (SRR6976411) and human gut (SRR6517782) (Ye et al ., 2018). The metagenome of the human gut is assumed as UVB free environment, acting as a negative control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering Photolyase/Cryptochrome Genes Diversity in Aquatic Microbiomes Exposed to Diverse UV-B Regimes

Alonso-Reyes

Farı́as

Albarracín

2019

Preprint

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During evolution, microorganisms exposed to high UV-B doses developed a fine-tuned photo-enzymes called “photolyases” to cope with DNA damage by UV-B. These photoreceptors belonging to the Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family (CPF) were well characterized at the genomic and proteomic level in bacteria isolated from a wide range of environments. In this work, we go further towards studying the abundance of CPF on aquatic microbial communities from different geographic regions across the globe. Metagenomics data combined with geo-referenced solar irradiation measurements indicated that the higher the UV-B dose suffered by the microbiome’s environment, the higher the abundance of CPF genes and lower the microbial diversity. A connection between CPF abundance and radiation intensity/photoperiod was reported. Likewise, cryptochrome-like genes were found abundant in most exposed microbiomes, indicating a complementary role to standard photolyases. Also, we observed that CPFs are more likely present in dominant taxa of the highly irradiated microbiomes, suggesting an evolutionary force for survival and dominance under extreme solar exposure. Finally, this work reported three novel CPF clades not identified so far, proving the potential of global metagenomic analyses in detecting novel proteins.

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Contamination of the Arctic reflected in microbial metagenomes from the Greenland ice sheet

Cited by 45 publications

References 42 publications

Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard)

Extreme weather event results in the removal of invertebrates from cryoconite holes on an Arctic valley glacier (Longyearbreen, Svalbard)

Spatio-temporal assessment of the PCB sediment contamination in the four main French River Basins (1945–2018)

Uncovering Photolyase/Cryptochrome Genes Diversity in Aquatic Microbiomes Exposed to Diverse UV-B Regimes

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