Contamination of Salmonella in Retail Meats and Shrimps in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Phan, Tran Thi; Khai, Lý Thị Liên; Ogasawara, Natsue; Tam, Nguyen Thu; Okatani, Alexandre Tomomitsu; Akiba, Masato; Hayashidani, Hideki

doi:10.4315/0362-028x-68.5.1077

Cited by 82 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the present study in Hung Yen, the Salmonella prevalence in slaughterhouses and markets, with confidence intervals, was within a range of previous reports : from 15.5% to 95.7% 4,10,13) in slaughterhouses, and 33 to 69% 4,12,13) in markets, as mentioned in the introduction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Some previous studies in Vietnam reported that prevalence of Salmonella in pig carcass at slaughterhouse takes wide range from 15% to 95% 4,10,13) . Moreover, Salmonella in pork at market was also reported as a high prevalence which varied from 33 to 69% 4,12,13) . For these reasons, elucidating the dynamics of Salmonella contamination in the pork value chain is urgently required in Vietnam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition of <i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Pork Value Chain from Pig Slaughterhouses to Markets in Hung Yen, Vietnam

Yokozawa

Dang-Xuan

Nguyen-Viet

et al. 2016

JVE

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SummaryIn Vietnam, pork is the most consumed meat, and contamination of pork with Salmonella spp. is a serious public health problem. This study aimed to trace the value chain forward from pig slaughterhouses to markets in order to elucidate the dynamics of Salmonella contamination on the pork value chain in Hung Yen, Vietnam. This survey was conducted between January and February 2014 in two randomly selected slaughterhouses in Hung Yen. Swab samples were collected from 88 carcasses and of them, 21 carcasses were traced to the markets and pork samples were collected from these samples. Microbial tests were performed to detect the presence of Salmonella from carcass samples at slaughterhouses. MPN was determined in addition to the presence of Salmonella for pork at markets. The Salmonella prevalence on carcasses was 25.0% (22/88, 95%CI : 16.7%-35.6%), and on pork at markets was 28.6% (6/21, 95%CI : 12.2%-52.3%). There was no significant difference in prevalence between carcasses (25.0%) and pork (28.6%, x 2 ＝0.0034, df＝1, p＝0.95). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of Salmonella on pig carcass samples between the two slaughterhouses (22.2% (10/45) and 27.9% (12/43), x 2 ＝0.18, df＝1, p＝0.71). The transition of Salmonella contamination status on pork was observed, and the kappa value 0.53, and attributable risk percent 53.3% calculated suggested that more than half of the Salmonella prevalence in marketed pork can be attributable to contamination in slaughterhouse. MPN of positive pork samples ranged from ＜ 0.3 to 1.5 MPN/g. The prevalence remained high at the same level between the slaughterhouse and market, and the contamination largely occurs before the end of slaughtering due to inadequate hygiene, but cross-contamination during transportation and marketing also poses a risk to humans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of <i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Pork Value Chain from Pig Slaughterhouses to Markets in Hung Yen, Vietnam

Yokozawa

Dang-Xuan

Nguyen-Viet

et al. 2016

JVE

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“…Since shellfish are often eaten raw or after minimal cooking, the results illustrate the potential for shellfish also to cause enteric disease. The result for Salmonella contamination in pork samples (64.0%) was in close agreement with that of Phan et al (40), who reported that 69.9% of the retail pork samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Detection ofSalmonellaspp. in Retail Raw Food Samples from Vietnam and Characterization of Their Antibiotic Resistance

Van

Moutafis

Istivan

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

152

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A study was conducted to examine the levels of Salmonella spp. contamination in raw food samples, including chicken, beef, pork, and shellfish, from Vietnam and to determine their antibiotic resistance characteristics. A total of 180 samples were collected and examined for the presence of Salmonella spp., yielding 91 Salmonella isolates. Sixty-one percent of meat and 18% of shellfish samples were contaminated with Salmonella spp. Susceptibility of all isolates to a variety of antimicrobial agents was tested, and resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin/amoxicillin, nalidixic acid, sulfafurazole, and streptomycin was found in 40.7%, 22.0%, 18.7%, 16.5%, and 14.3% of the isolates, respectively. Resistance to enrofloxacin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and gentamicin was also detected (8.8 to 2.2%). About half (50.5%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and multiresistant Salmonella isolates, resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics, were isolated from all food types. One isolate from chicken (serovar Albany) contained a variant of the Salmonella genomic island 1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster. The results show that antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp. in raw food samples from Vietnam is significant.

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“…This new clone, which may have emerged only recently, is likely to be found to be prevalent in a single country, possibly Vietnam, where serovar Emek strains have been found in retail meats (33). It has also spread from there to other countries via travelers, though there is no evidence that it has become established in either the United Kingdom or Australia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

SGI2, a Relative ofSalmonellaGenomic Island SGI1 with an Independent Origin

Levings

Djordjevic

Hall

2008

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Multiply antibiotic-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Emek strains isolated in Australia and the United Kingdom had similar features, suggesting that they all belong to a single clone. These strains all contain SGI2 (formerly SGI1-J), an independently formed relative of Salmonella genomic island SGI1. In SGI2, the complex class 1 integron which includes all of the resistance genes is not located between tnpR (S027) and S044 as in SGI1 and SGI1 variants. Instead, tnpR was found to be adjacent to S044, and the integron is located 6.9 kb away, within S023. In both SGI1 and SGI2, the 25-bp inverted repeats that mark the outer ends of class 1 integrons are flanked by a 5-bp duplication of the target, indicating that incorporation of the integron was by transposition. A small number of differences between the sequences of the backbones of SGI1 and SGI2 were also found. Hence, a class 1 integron has entered two different variants of the SGI backbone to generate two distinct lineages. Despite this, the integron in SGI2 has a complex structure that is very similar to that of In104 in SGI1. Differences are in the cassette arrays and in the gene which encodes the chloramphenicol and florfenicol efflux protein. The CmlA9 protein, encoded by InEmek, is only 92.8% identical to FloRc (also a CmlA family protein) from SGI1. A variant form of SGI2, SGI2-A, which has lost the tet(G) and cmlA9 resistance determinants, was found in one strain.

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Contamination of Salmonella in Retail Meats and Shrimps in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Cited by 82 publications

References 16 publications

Transition of <i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Pork Value Chain from Pig Slaughterhouses to Markets in Hung Yen, Vietnam

Transition of <i>Salmonella</i> Prevalence in Pork Value Chain from Pig Slaughterhouses to Markets in Hung Yen, Vietnam

Detection ofSalmonellaspp. in Retail Raw Food Samples from Vietnam and Characterization of Their Antibiotic Resistance

SGI2, a Relative ofSalmonellaGenomic Island SGI1 with an Independent Origin

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