Contamination of caudal mediastinal node efferent lymph in sheep

Drake, R. E.; Adair, Thomas H.; Traber, D. L.; Gabel, J. C.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1981.241.3.h354

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The large V -induced increase in lymph flow in exercising animals was hypothesized to explain the ability of the lung to maintain normal extravascular lung water in the face of significant exercise-induced increases in pulmonary capillary pressures. These studies, however, were unable to determine the separate effects of changing VT and f. Moreover, lung lymph collected from the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node may be contaminated with lymph from diaphragmatic lymphatics (5). The contribution of diaphragmatic lymph increases with diaphragmatic contraction (5) and thus could vary with the depth and rate of V .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tidal volume and respiratory frequency on lung lymph flow

Pearse¹,

Searcy²,

Mitzner³

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Ventilation (V) increases lung lymph flow (Ql), but the separate effects of tidal volume (Vt) and frequency (f) and the role of V-induced changes in edema formation are poorly understood. An isolated, in situ sheep lung preparation was used to examine these effects. In eight sheep with f = 10 min(-1), results obtained during 30-min periods with Vt = 5 or 20 ml/kg were compared with values obtained during bracketed 30-min control periods (Vt = 12.5 ml/kg). Eight other sheep with constant Vt (12.5 ml/kg) were studied at f = 5 or 20 min(-1) and compared with f = 10 min(-1). Three additional groups of six sheep were perfused for 100 min with control V (10 ml/kg, 10 min(-1)). Vt was then kept constant or changed to 20 or 3 ml/kg during a second 100-min period. Increases in Vt or f increased Ql and vice versa, without corresponding effects on the rate of edema formation. For the same change in V, changing Vt had a greater effect on Ql than changing f. The change in Ql caused by an increase in Vt was significantly greater after the accumulation of interstitial edema. The change in Ql caused by a sustained increase in Vt was transient and did not correlate with the rate of edema formation, suggesting that V altered Ql through direct mechanical effects on edema-filled compartments and lymphatic vessels rather than through V-induced changes in fluid filtration.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tidal volume and respiratory frequency on lung lymph flow

Pearse¹,

Searcy²,

Mitzner³

et al. 2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…They felt that this procedure eliminated most of the diaphrag matic lymph to the CMN and that the remain ing CMN efferent lymph was nearly pure lung lymph. We later found that node resection did not eliminate all of the diaphragmatic lymph flow to the node [2], and we have performed several studies to try to quantitate diaphrag matic lymph flow.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diaphragmatic Lymph Vessel Drainage of the Peritoneal Cavity

Drake

Gabel²

1992

Blood Purif

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We have studied the drainage of peritoneal fluid through the diaphragmatic lymph vessels in sheep. To measure the lymphatic flow rate, we cannulated the lymphatic vessels and timed the flow from the cannula. After we infused Escherichia coli endotoxin into awake sheep, the diaphragmatic lymph flow rate increased substantially. However, we found no increase in lymph flow in anesthetized acutely operated sheep. This indicates that studies in anesthetized animals may yield underestimates of diaphragmatic lymph flow. In sheep, many of the diaphragmatic lymph vessels drain to the caudal mediastinal lymph node. We cannulated an efferent vessel from that node in 5 sheep. Several days later we infused 100 ml/kg of Ringer’s solution into the abdominal space of each awake sheep. In response, the lymph flow rate increased from 0.15 ± 0.16 ml/min (mean ± SD) to 0.50 ± 0.17 ml/min. Our results are important because they demonstrate that diaphragmatic lymph flow increases substantially after fluid infusions into the abdominal space.

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“…If we assume that the concentration of protein in lymph collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node approximates that in the pulmonary interstitium, then the measurement of lung lymph flow and the concentration of protein in lymph should provide a sensitive index of net transvascular movement of fluid and protein in the lung (6-9). Because we observed no change in systemic venous pressure, respiratory rate, or intrapleural pressure during our experiments that might otherwise increase systemic lymph contamination of the caudal mediastinal lymph node, we may conclude that increasing pulmonary blood flow by opening an aorticopulmonary shunt in the lamb increased the rate of transvascular fluid filtration in the lung and decreased the concentration of protein in the pulmonary interstitium (10)(11)(12).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of an Aorticopulmonary Shunt on Lung Fluid Balance in the Young Lamb

Feltes

Hansen

1989

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. We studied the effects of increased pulmo-in the newborn lamb, increases in pulmonary blood flow would nary blood flow on lung fluid balance in seven chronically increase lung fluid filtration by increasing filtration pressure instrumented lambs (18 f 1 d) with surgically created independent of changes in left atrial pressure. aorticopulmonary shunts. We measured mean pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressure (LAP), pulmonary blood flow, lung lymph flow, and lymph (CL) and plasma (CP) MATERIALS AND METHODS protein concentration with the shunt closed and opened.we operated on all lambs during the lst wk after birth using O.ol to Oe58 O-ol). With the shunt Next, through a left thoracotomy, we placed catheters directly fully open, pulmonary blood flow increased 65% over base-into the left atrium and pulmonary artery and isolated and line, pulmonary arterial pressure increased from l6.5 divided the ductal remnant. We tunneled all catheters to the left 2.0 to 26.5 f 5 torr, and LAP increased from 1.5 f 0.5 to chest and covered them with a vinyl pouch sewn to the skin. 6.5 2.0 Lung lymph increasedFor lambs in which pulmonary blood flow was to be increased, 3.1 f 0.2 mL/h) whereas CL (4.1 2 0.1 to 3.1 f 0.3 g/dL) we surgically implanted a 6 mm woven Dacron graft (Meadox and CLICP (0.66 * 0.02 O.51 0.05) decreased. Medicals Inc., Oakland, NJ) between the aorta and main pulchanges were statistically significant ( p e 0.05). When the monary artery at the time of the left thoracotomy. We placed a effects of increased LAP On lung fluid (partial balloon-tipped catheter directly into the graft and an external mitral valve obstruction) were tested in five additional occluder around its aortic end so that partial or even complete lambs, an identical change in LAP as seen in lambs with shunt occlusion could be achieved noninvasively. partially open shunts (2.5 2 0.5 to 4.0 f 0.5 torr) resulted For lambs in whom left atrial pressure was to be increased, we in only a 20% increase in lung lymph flow and a inserted an 8 Fr Foley catheter into the left atrium at the time of decrease in the CL/CP ratio (0.61 + 0.02 to 0.57 f 0.02), the left thoracotomy and tunneled its injection port out of the whereas pulmonary blood flow did not change. We conclude chest along with the catheters. Inflation of the balloon with saline that in the lamb increased pulmonary resulted in partial occlusion of the rnitral orifice and increased from a large central shunt increased the rate of transvas-left atrial pressure. cular fluid filtration in the lung by increasing filtration ~h~~ 3 days later we performed a right t~oracotomy to canpressure. his increase could not be explained simply on nulate the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node. the basis of a change in left atrial Pressure and implies First, we resected the systemic contributions to the node by that resistance downstream from fluid filtering sites is dividing the lower of the node and cauterizing obvious relatively fixed. (Pediatr Res 26:94-97, 1989) lymphatic chann...

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Contamination of caudal mediastinal node efferent lymph in sheep

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of tidal volume and respiratory frequency on lung lymph flow

Effects of tidal volume and respiratory frequency on lung lymph flow

Diaphragmatic Lymph Vessel Drainage of the Peritoneal Cavity

Effects of an Aorticopulmonary Shunt on Lung Fluid Balance in the Young Lamb

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