Contamination of Blood Stored in Plastic Packs

Jaeger, Rudolph J.; Rubin, RobertJ.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(70)92734-0

Cited by 81 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Guess, Jacob, and Autian (2) (36), in 1970, reported that blood and its anticoagulant solution (ACD) may contain 6 mg of DEHP/100 ml after being stored in PVC blood bags at 4°C for 21 days. In a more recent study, Jaeger and Rubin (1) noted that several phthalate esters could be extracted by blood from PVC tubings and blood bags.…”

Section: Tim5/ld50 = Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: review of the literature.

Autian¹

1973

Environ Health Perspect

307

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Tim5/ld50 = Constantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: review of the literature.

Autian¹

1973

Environ Health Perspect

307

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Since DEHP is not chemically bound to the PVC polymer, it can leach out easily. Already in the late 1960s the lipophilic DEHP was shown to leach from PVC tubings into the liquids passing through it, especially in the case of blood and other lipid-containing fluids [2]. At special risk are patients on haemodialysis, with exposures reported to be between 9 and 360 mg/patient for one session [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-Heptanone is a metabolite of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in haemodialysis patients

Wahl¹,

Hong²,

Hildenbrand³

et al. 2004

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. There is an ongoing discussion about the risks of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure for the general population as well as for specific subgroups in various medical settings. Haemodialysis patients certainly belong to the group with the highest exposure taking into account the repeated treatments over a long period of time. Many studies have shown that DEHP metabolites are more active with regard to cellular responses than DEHP itself. Although 4-heptanone has been shown to be a DEHP metabolite in rats, this has never been tested in humans. On the other hand, 4-heptanone was reported to be associated with diabetes mellitus. Methods. After establishing analytical methods for all postulated metabolites, we analysed (i) plasma samples from 50 patients on haemodialysis and 50 controls; (ii) urine samples from 100 diabetic patients and 100 controls; and (iii) urine samples from 10 controls receiving DEHP intravenously. Results. 4-Heptanone concentrations in urine did not differ between controls (128.6±11.4 mg/l, mean± SEM) and diabetic patients (131.2±11.6 mg/l) but were significantly elevated in plasma from haemodialysis patients (95.9±9.6 mg/l) compared with controls (10.4±0.5 mg/l). Exposure to DEHP led to a significant increase (P<0.001) of the metabolite 4-heptanone and all the proposed intermediates in urine of healthy persons within 24 h. Conclusions. These studies show that 4-heptanone is not associated with diabetes but is a major DEHP metabolite in humans. Studies concerning the toxicity of DEHP in haemodialysis patients and other highly exposed groups should therefore include 4-heptanone together with DEHP and its primary metabolites mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) and 2-ethylhexanol.

show abstract

“…Of particular concern is its use in the manufacture of blood bank bags, other medical devices, and in more accessible items such as food wrappers, childrens' toys, and synthetic leathers. When in contact with blood and blood products, leaching of DEHP takes place, resulting in the introduction of substantial amounts into units of blood after several hours of storage (1)(2)(3) and into hemodialysis patients after dialysis (4,5). For example, Contreras and co-workers report that the accumulation of DEHP in the plasma of PVCstored whole blood was 3.6 ,ug/mL/day if the anticoagulant was acid-citrate-dextrose, and 2.7 ,ug/mL/day in the presence of citrate-phosphate-dextrose (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Griffiths

Camara

Saritelli

et al. 1988

Environ Health Perspect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolism and toxicity of the ubiquitous plasticizer, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), have been extensively investigated. In an attempt to understand their disposition in man, we studied the in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics of these compounds, using ultracentrifugation and agarose gel electrophoresis. The association of DEHP and lipoproteins was shown to be highly dependent upon, and proportional to, the lipid concentration of the serum. It appears that more than half of the serum DEHP is bound to proteins with density greater than 1.21 g/mL when the concentration of cholesterol is below 300 mg/dL or the cholesterol and triglyceride total concentration is less than 600 mg/dL. As the cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations increase, the percent DEHP bound to VLDL, IDL, and LDL increases. MEHP is bound principally to nonlipoprotein constituents in the serum, and this binding distribution is unaffected by lipid concentration. The percent binding of DEHP and MEHP to individual proteins was also found to be unaffected by their concentrations in serum. These data indicate that the protein-binding characteristics of these compounds, in vitro, is somewhat more complex than previously reported.

show abstract

Contamination of Blood Stored in Plastic Packs

Cited by 81 publications

References 1 publication

Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: review of the literature.

Toxicity and health threats of phthalate esters: review of the literature.

4-Heptanone is a metabolite of the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in haemodialysis patients

The in vitro serum protein-binding characteristics of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and its principal metabolite, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About