Contamination of Asian herbal drugs : Need for its critical evaluation

Gupta, Kartikey Kumar; Prasad, Geena; Chopra, A. K.; Khanna, D. R.

doi:10.31018/jans.v1i2.74

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the Indian systems of medicine, traditional practitioners formulate and dispense their own formulations with combinations of rejuvenating herbs called rasayana drugs. Implicit presence of residual toxins [4], personnel errors in plant collection, seasonal variations, ecotypic, genotypic and chemotypic changes are attributed to the failure of new herbal formulae from producing the intended therapeutic effects [5]. Therefore, the development of standardized, safe and effective herbal formulations with better understanding of their molecular mechanisms offer alternatives in drug discovery for T2D [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MD-1, a poly herbal formulation indicated in diabetes mellitus ameliorates glucose uptake and inhibits adipogenesis – an in vitro study

Telapolu

Kalachavedu

Punnoose³

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundType 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a polygenic disease requiring a multipronged therapeutic approach. In the current scenario, the use of polyherbals is increasing among the diabetics. MD-1, a poly herbal formulation is constituted as a mixture of six popular anti diabetic herbs, used in the management of Diabetes mellitus (DM). The physicochemical, biochemical and in vitro efficacy studies have been carried out to ascertain the possible mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic action of MD-1.MethodsMD-1 was evaluated for residual toxins as per Ayurvedic Pharmacoepia of India (API) procedures. The hydro alcoholic extract of the formulation (HAEF) was evaluated for anti oxidant activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and nitric oxide radicals in vitro. The effect of HAEF on carbohydrate digestive enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase was studied using biochemical assays. HAEF was studied for its glucose lowering potential in L6 myotubes and 3T3L1 preadipocytes, using 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H] glucose (2-DG) uptake assay. Effect of MD-1 on adipogenesis was evaluated in 3T3L1 adipocytes using oil O red staining. The effect of HAEF on mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in 3T3L1 adiocytes was investigated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by student t-test, ANOVA.ResultsResidual toxins present within the API limits and HAEF demonstrated strong antioxidant potential and significantly inhibited the α-glucosidase (IC50 63.6 ± 0.46 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 242.81 ± 1.26 μg/mL) activity. HAEF significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both the cell lines studied. Unlike standard pioglitazone (PGZ), HAEF modulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ and GLUT4 (p < 0.0001) in 3T3L1 adipocytes, without inducing adipogenesis.ConclusionPhysicochemical parameters established in the study may serve as reference standards in regular quality control. Absence of residual toxins underpins the safety. The enhanced glucose uptake and favorable modulation of insulin sensitivity through a plausible weak PPARγ agonism is similar to the distinct PPARγ activation pattern of several reported natural compound agonists. The differential binding modes of such dynamic combinatorial ligands within the formulation unlike synthetic ligands like thiozolidinediones (TZD) can be linked to the safe mitigation of diabetic complications by MD-1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MD-1, a poly herbal formulation indicated in diabetes mellitus ameliorates glucose uptake and inhibits adipogenesis – an in vitro study

Telapolu

Kalachavedu

Punnoose³

et al. 2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Intrinsic factors such as plant constitution and extrinsic factors such as harvesting techniques play pivotal roles in determining microbial quality. (6) In the evaluation of Musta samples from various markets, varied levels of microbial growth were observed. Mixed colonies of E. coli, Bacillus, Klebsiella and Staphylococcus species were noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two main types of harmful substances linked to medicinal plants are endospores from bacteria and spores of fungi. (6) It is well known that certain fungi can produce mycotoxins which are harmful compounds when the right conditions are met. Aflatoxin is the most toxic mycotoxin that is currently recognized.…”

Section: Original Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Contamination in Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) Sourced From Herbal Drug Markets in Kerala

2024

KJA

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The plant Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) holds significant importance in Ayurveda, were the dried rhizome or tuber is widely utilised either singly or in combination with other herbs. Owing to its subterranean nature, there is a potential risk of microbial contamination in the raw drug and subsequent formulations prepared from it. This study is to assess the level of microbiological contamination in the dried tuber or rhizome of Musta that is sold in herbal raw medicine market places in the state of Kerala. Nine samples from the commercial sector, representing urban, rural and manufacturing unit sources were collected from North, Central and South zones in Kerala. The microbial proliferation in these samples was analysed with the standards specified in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API). Upon microbial assessment predominant findings in the market samples included the presence of mixed colonies of Escherichia coli, Bacillus species, Klebsiella species, Staphylococcus and the fungal species Aspergillus niger. These results points to the importance of monitoring and addressing microbial contamination of Musta to ensure adherence to safety and quality standards.

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“…This may raise the question as to whether the components of these formulations are anti-microbially active enough to preserve the products for their respective shelf lives and during the usage period. All the products were aqueous based and hence the high concentration of water makes them very prone to microbiological contamination not to mention the high incidence of the presence of several microbial pathogens in herbal products and their toxins [65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicines Used in the Treatment of Typhoid in the Ga East Municipality of Ghana

Bekoe

Agyare

Sarkodie

et al. 2017

IJTDH

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In Ghana, majority of the people patronize herbal medicines for the treatment of both chronic and acute ailments as well as infectious and non-infectious diseases. As such, the use of herbs as medicines in the treatment of enteric (typhoid) fever is very widespread. Aims: This study therefore investigates anti-typhoidal herbal medicinal formulations that are for sale on the Ghanaian market with regards to the contents on the product labels and assesses the various active plant components in the light of documented evidence of their use in the treatment of typhoid. Bekoe et al.; IJTDH, 23(4): 1-13, 2017; Article no.IJTDH.31448 2 Methodology: Herbal products for the treatment of typhoid were sampled from herbal medicine shops and pharmacies and assessed for the type of formulation, plant and non-plant constituents, dosage, indications, treatment duration and contraindications. Results: Majority of the products (87%, n=16) had registration numbers whilst 13% had none. These anti-typhoid formulations were simultaneously recommended for the treatment of malaria (56%) (9 out of 16 products), jaundice (31%), various types of pains (body pains, headache, menstrual pains) (8%), stress (8%) and fatigue (8%). All the preparations had more than one plant as its active constituent. Forty-four percent (44%) contained 2 plants species as the active ingredients, 37% contained between 3 to 5 plant species, 13% contained 6 to 10 plant species and 6% contained more than 10 plant species. The most frequently occurring active plant constituents of these products were Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae), Morinda lucida (Rubiaceae), Citrus aurantifolia (Rutaceae), Vernonia amygdalina (Compositae) and Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae). Conclusion: In all, thirty-four different plant species belonging to 25 families were found to be present in these products. A literature search on the plants species showed that their traditional use in the treatment of typhoid is well documented and hence their resulting formulations may as well be very effective. Original Research Article

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Contamination of Asian herbal drugs : Need for its critical evaluation

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

MD-1, a poly herbal formulation indicated in diabetes mellitus ameliorates glucose uptake and inhibits adipogenesis – an in vitro study

MD-1, a poly herbal formulation indicated in diabetes mellitus ameliorates glucose uptake and inhibits adipogenesis – an in vitro study

Microbial Contamination in Musta (Cyperus rotundus Linn.) Sourced From Herbal Drug Markets in Kerala

Herbal Medicines Used in the Treatment of Typhoid in the Ga East Municipality of Ghana

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