Contamination control of microbe Ziziphus spina [christti] seed in vitro culture

Abstract

Ziziphus spina [christti] is a naturally distributed tree in subtropical, arid and semi-arid parts of Iran. It is ecologically and economically important due to its tolerance to drought and salinity. Most tree seeds are infected with parasitic and saprophytic microorganisms which decrease the seed germination and seedling establishment. The goal of this paper was to evaluate the ability of selected chemical solutions to inhibit the growth of variety of microbial contaminants in Z. spina Contaminants were identified according to their morphological and cultural characteristics. Bacterial contaminants included Xanthomonas sp. While Fungal isolates were Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Rhizopus, and Aspergillus. Our experiment reveals that 4% NaOCl followed by benomyl is the best sterilization treatment for Z. spina [christti] seeds, since the highest number of germination and highest number of sterilized seeds was observed after this treatment.

High resolution microscopy to evaluate the efficiency of surface sterilization of Zea Mays seeds

“…A possible explanation, could be the formation of oxidizing chloramines from SH that can react with cell components via entering cell membrane [ 5 ] and prevent microbial growth. Previous studies have also reported a reduction of seeds’ with microbial growth when EtOH rinsing was used before SH treatment [ 6 ] or simply just by applying SH treatment [ 33 ] while HP treatment was ineffective for seeds sterilization [ 5 ]. The observed inefficient HP sterilization results is ascribed either to the elimination of HP by washing or readily diffusion of HP to cells and decomposition by catalase which in both scenarios it is not powerful for the sterilization [ 5 ].…”

“…Similar approach was conducted for the comparison of seeds microbial growth in PDA plates. Additionally, we calculated the effect of various sterilizations on the number of seeds showing microbial growth and those that germinated after 7 days using the Eqs 1 and 2 [ 33 ].…”

A Concise Review of Dendrocalamus asper and Related Bamboos: Germplasm Conservation, Propagation and Molecular Biology

“…Bavistin, Benomyl and Mancozeb are the most commonly used fungicides in bamboo micropropagation. Despite the fact that Bavistin and Benomyl contain the same active ingredients, Benomyl is the most effective chemical for controlling fungal contamination [143]. However, in comparison to Bavistin, the use of Benomyl for bamboo in vitro propagation is very limited, including D. giganteus and B. vulgaris [144], D. giganteus Munro [145], B. vulgaris "Striata" [146] and G. angustifolia [147].…”

Biotic Contamination and Possible Ways of Sterilization: A Review with Reference to Bamboo Micropropagation.

“…Besides Bavistin, other fungicides that are reported till date as surface sterilants for in vitro propagation of bamboo are Benomyl and Mancozeb. Though Bavistin and Benomyl are made up of same active component benzimidazole but Benomyl is considered as most effective chemical to control fungal contamination 22 . Use of this chemical are very limited in comparsion to Bavistin for in vitro propagation of different bamboo species; Benlate (benomyl) @ 1 gm/l reported in D.giganteus and B.vulgaris 82 ; as media component in Dendrocalamus giganteus Munro 73 , 0.1% in Bambusa vulgaris 'Striata' 83 , in Guadua angustifolia @ 2g/l 67 .…”

“…Contamination, especially biotic i.e. fungal and bacterial contaminations, is considered as single most important damaging factor of in vitro culture of plants 20,21,22 . The present review was aimed to address those contaminants and its possible ways of eradication with special reference to micro-propagation of bamboo.…”