Contamination, bioaccumulation mechanism, detection, and control of human norovirus in bivalve shellfish: A review

Min, Yang; Zhao, Feng; Tong, Lihui; Wang, Shanshan; Zhou, Dun-Jin

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1937510

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…However, once food or water is contaminated with NoV, people are certain to be exposed to it once they ingest it. In particular, some foods, such as bivalve mollusks (especially oysters and clams), can accumulate large amounts of NoV in their bodies, causing foodborne outbreaks worldwide 39 . And human intake of food or water tends to be relatively high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, some foods, such as bivalve mollusks (especially oysters and clams), can accumulate large amounts of NoV in their bodies, causing foodborne outbreaks worldwide. 39 And human intake of food or water tends to be relatively high. Asymptomatic prevalence was higher in stool samples (20.5%) than in anal swabs (16.6%), but there was no statistical difference between the two.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Asymptomatic norovirus infection during outbreaks in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Wang,

Ji,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Acute gastroenteritis outbreaks may be caused by the excretion of norovirus (NoV) from asymptomatic individuals. Despite numerous studies involving asymptomatic NoV infection during outbreaks in China, a comprehensive assessment of its role has not been conducted, which is critical for emergency management. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic NoV infection during outbreaks in China. We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Wanfang, and China Weipu, between January 1, 1997 and June 19, 2023. The retrieved articles and their references underwent screening, which utilized polymerase chain reaction‐based assays for the detection of NoV in asymptomatic individuals during outbreaks that occurred in China. The primary summary data were the prevalence of asymptomatic NoV infection in outbreaks. We generated pooled estimates of asymptomatic prevalence in the population as a whole and in subgroups by using random‐effect models. Of the 97 articles included, the pooled asymptomatic prevalence of NoV among 5117 individuals in outbreaks was 17.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 14.1–21.3). The asymptomatic prevalence of NoV GII (17.1%, 95% CI: 12.9–21.5) was similar to that of NoV GI (22.0%, 95% CI: 12.8–32.4). However, the proportion of asymptomatic individuals involved in NoV GII (57.44%) was significantly higher than that of NoV GI (5.12%), and NoV GII (75.26%) was reported much more frequently than NoV GI (14.43%) in the included articles. Meta‐regression analysis of 11 possible influencing factors (geographic region, setting, season, sample type, genotype, transmission route, occupation, age, per capita income, study quality, and cases definition) showed that the source of heterogeneity might be related to the outbreak settings, per capita income, and study quality (p = 0.037, 0.058, and 0.026, respectively). Of particular note was the asymptomatic prevalence peaked in preschoolers (27.8%), afterward, it fell into trough in elementary and junior school children (10.5%), before the second peak located in adults (17.8%), and the elderly (25.2%). Prevalent genotypes reported include GII.4, followed by GII.17, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, and so forth. The estimated asymptomatic prevalence of NoV during outbreaks in China was as high as 17.6%, with NoV GII dominating. In addition, genetic subtypes of NoV in outbreaks should be detected whenever possible. The role of asymptomatic individuals in NoV outbreaks cannot be ignored. This knowledge will help governments develop public health policies and emergency response strategies for outbreaks, assess the burden, and develop vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymptomatic norovirus infection during outbreaks in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Wang,

Ji,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…α- l -Fucose is added to β- d -galactose residues through α-1,2-glycosidic bonds by α-1,2-fucosyltransferase (FUT2) to produce a type H-like molecule. Then blood group A or B transferases can synthesize type A or B-like molecules, respectively ( 6 ). Moreover, FUT2 was downregulated in the D6h group and upregulated in the D48h group, consistent with the expression of type H-like molecules being decreased in the D6h group and increased in the D48h group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of HuNoV in shellfish found that the average prevalence rates were 20% (range, 2 to 67%) for GI and 29% (range, 5 to 56%) for GII in Europe ( 5 ). GI was more often implicated in oyster-related outbreaks than GII and is the most prevalent virus in oysters, probably due to the fact that GI is more stable than GII in aquatic environments ( 6 ). As a new prevalent HuNoV, GI.5 was first identified in oyster samples from Bangkok in 2012 ( 7 ) and has since been detected elsewhere ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Transcriptomics Reveal the Effect of Human Norovirus Bioaccumulation on Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

et al. 2022

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The role of the oyster gut microbiota in HuNoV bioaccumulation is poorly understood. This study revealed, for the first time, the changes in gut microbiota and gene expression of oysters with HuNoV bioaccumulation. This study enriches the understanding of the impact of HuNoV bioaccumulation on oysters and provides a new direction for the study of the molecular mechanism of HuNoV bioaccumulation in oysters.

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“…During feeding, a large number of suspended particles are transported together into the digestive tract, with some of the particles being excreted and others being absorbed by phagocytic blood cells. NoVs usually exist in the water column as adsorbed particles and are absorbed along with other particles by blood cells [36]. Blood cells contain acidic vesicles, and whether viruses can survive in blood cells depends on their stability in acidic conditions [37].…”

Section: Oyster Feeding Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress on Biological Accumulation, Detection and Inactivation Technologies of Norovirus in Oysters

Sun,

Liang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Foods

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Noroviruses (NoVs) are major foodborne pathogens that cause acute gastroenteritis. Oysters are significant carriers of this pathogen, and disease transmission from the consumption of NoVs-infected oysters occurs worldwide. The review discusses the mechanism of NoVs bioaccumulation in oysters, particularly the binding of histo-blood group antigen-like (HBGA-like) molecules to NoVs in oysters. The review explores the factors that influence NoVs bioaccumulation in oysters, including temperature, precipitation and water contamination. The review also discusses the detection methods of NoVs in live oysters and analyzes the inactivation effects of high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation treatment and plasma treatment on NoVs. These non-thermal processing treatments can remove NoVs efficiently while retaining the original flavor of oysters. However, further research is needed to reduce the cost of these technologies to achieve large-scale commercial applications. The review aims to provide novel insights to reduce the bioaccumulation of NoVs in oysters and serve as a reference for the development of new, rapid and effective methods for detecting and inactivating NoVs in live oysters.

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Contamination, bioaccumulation mechanism, detection, and control of human norovirus in bivalve shellfish: A review

Cited by 13 publications

References 117 publications

Asymptomatic norovirus infection during outbreaks in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Asymptomatic norovirus infection during outbreaks in China: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Gut Microbiota and Transcriptomics Reveal the Effect of Human Norovirus Bioaccumulation on Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Research Progress on Biological Accumulation, Detection and Inactivation Technologies of Norovirus in Oysters

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