Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Trace Elements in Drinking Water of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Hussain, Syed Jarar; Ali, Shaukat; Hussain, Javid; Ali, Salar; Hussain, Jamal; Hussain, Manzoor; Hussain, Ittehad

doi:10.47836/pjst.31.1.12

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Analysing the condition worldwide, it has been observed that dental fluorosis is more prevalent in the young people as compared to adults. It can also be categorised as Grade-1, Grade-2 and Grade-3 on the basis of its severity (Hussain et al, 2004).…”

Section: Dental Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio remedial Process: A Review on Removal of Fluoride from the Waste Water

Sharma,

Ibkar,

Javid

et al. 2023

EEC

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Ground water has always been an important and most dependable source of water since prehistoric ages, but with rapid industrialization to meet the needs of growing population has stressed the ground water reservoir. Stress to ground water reservoir is just one problem; industrial waste has also introduced lots of new chemical substances in water bodies. Fluorides are one such pollutant that undermines living life forms especially human beings .There are primarily two sources of fluoride contamination in ground water. Geogenic sources and anthropogenic sources. Talking about the status of fluoride contamination it can be seen in more than 25 countries worldwide. In India itself 19 states and at least 132 districts have witnessed the problem of water contamination, Fluoride contamination is also impacting the health of people adversely. Diseases like skeletal fluorosis, non –skeletal fluorosis, and dental fluorosis are the most common health problem from fluoride contamination .Due to fluoride contamination diseases in plants like Chlorosis, Necrosis is impacting plant body. Thus, to remove fluorine contamination from water we can use bioremediation process. Bioremediation strategies can be classified mainly in two categories in – situ techniques and ex –situ techniques. Its mode of action primarily includes use of microbes in processing the fluoride contamination. This shows that bioremediation has lots of advantages like it’s a natural process, cost effective etc. But it too have some disadvantages like they are highly specific and it takes longer time etc. Considering all the merits and demerits of bioremediation, it is the most effective technological tool that holds great value for the future as scientists learn more about its capabilities and the curiosity to find more appropriate methods are still going on. This review article deals with ground water pollution due to fluoride concentration. We have thoroughly reviewed on its impact on health of plants and animals and the bioremediation processes to cure the water contamination

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Section: Dental Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio remedial Process: A Review on Removal of Fluoride from the Waste Water

Sharma,

Ibkar,

Javid

et al. 2023

EEC

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“…GB is the main apricot- growing region in Pakistan's Himalayan range. The share of GB in apricot production is almost 67% of the total production of Pakistan (Hussain et al, 2012). However, apricot trees face a critical challenge in the form of fungal gummosis syndrome, leading to a significant decline in yield and quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Etiology of Gummosis Syndrome Associated with Apricot Fruit Trees of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Ahmad,

Ali,

Abbas

2024

Phytopathogenomics and Disease Control

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Gummosis syndrome is a serious disease of apricot trees in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. The symptoms of gummosis syndrome on branches, twigs, and the trunk of apricot trees include oozing of a gummy or resinous material, lesions or cankers, bark discoloration, and the disintegration of bark integrity. The disease can weaken branches and twigs, making them more susceptible to breakage. In severe cases, affected branches can die back. In this study, we investigated the fungal species associated with gummosis syndrome in apricots across four districts in GB: Nagar, Hunza, Gilgit, and Ghizer. We recovered a total of 40 isolates from different locations of above four districts, and the most frequently isolated fungal species was Botryodiplodia theobromae. Fusarium solani was also isolated from several locations, and Neoscytalidium spp. were isolated from a few locations in Nagar and Hunza. The spatial distribution of gummosis syndrome in apricots in GB is not uniform. The disease is more prevalent in the northern and western parts of GB, and in areas with higher elevations and cooler temperatures. The Nagar district is the most affected by gummosis syndrome, followed by Ghizer District. Our findings suggest that Botryodiplodia theobromae is the major fungal pathogen associated with gummosis syndrome in apricots in GB. Fusarium solani and Neoscytalidium spp. may also play a role in the disease. The spatial distribution of gummosis syndrome in GB suggests that environmental factors, such as elevation and temperature, may contribute to the disease. Further research is needed to develop effective control measures for gummosis syndrome in apricots in GB. This research should focus on identifying resistant apricot varieties, developing new and more effective fungicides, and developing integrated pest management (IPM) programs.

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“…All the activities of life are performed by water. Only a small fraction (<1%) of fresh water is available for terrestrial ecosystems [1][2][3]. Approximately 70% of the globally available freshwater is consumed by agricultural activities [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soil-Plant System and Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Irrigated by Wastewater

Abbas,

Wadaan,

Ullah

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Accumulation of heavy metals in soil and vegetables is presently a challenging environmental concern worldwide. The present study was designed to elucidate heavy metals contamination of vegetables irrigated with domestic wastewater and associated health risks. The study area comprises three zones: Kot Addu, Alipur, and Muzaffargarh. A total of 153 samples of wastewater, topsoil, and vegetables were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and concentration levels of eight metal elements (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr) determined through analytical procedures. The outcome of the present investigation reveals that heavy metal concentrations in wastewater, soil, and vegetables irrigated with wastewater were slightly higher than the WHO-suggested limit. The heavy metals concentration observed in vegetables irrigated with wastewater can be ranked in order of Ni > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Fe > Zn > Cd. Transfer factor (TF), daily ingestion of metals (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) were calculated. Spinach exhibited higher values of transfer factor than cabbage, cauliflower, and radish, which were followed by tinda and carrot. Minimum values of HRI were observed for Cr (0.0109) in almost all of the vegetables ingested by adults and children. Cabbage exhibited higher values of HRI for Pb (4.0656) in adults, followed by cadmium (HRI = 2.993). Minimum values of HRI were calculated for Cd (0.0115; child). Cauliflower exhibited higher values of HRI (5.2768) for Pb in children. Pb, HRI values (4.5902) were observed in adults living in Kot Addu. The results exhibited similar trends of HRI in adults and children living in Muzaffargarh and Alipur.

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Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Trace Elements in Drinking Water of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Bio remedial Process: A Review on Removal of Fluoride from the Waste Water

Bio remedial Process: A Review on Removal of Fluoride from the Waste Water

Distribution and Etiology of Gummosis Syndrome Associated with Apricot Fruit Trees of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Bioaccumulation and Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Soil-Plant System and Health Risk Assessment of Vegetables Irrigated by Wastewater

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