Contamination and health risks of soil heavy metals around a lead/zinc smelter in southwestern China

Concentrations, spatial distribution, and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a Zn-Pb mine district in southern China

“…The concentration of heavy metal and As in AYK, MSK, and KS was higher than those of other villages, indicating that the smelt activities make main contribution to the high concentration of heavy metal in the topsoil. This is in agreement with previous studies (Li et al 2015;Zhao et al 2012).…”

“…In summary, the mobility of metals in soil profiles could be classed as Cd > Zn ≫ Pb > As. Similar phenomena were also observed by other researchers when they studied the mobility of heavy metals in a Pb-Zn smelting area (Li et al 2015;Bi et al 2006;Lei et al 2010). …”

“…Zn ionic radius is 26 % smaller than that of Ca but can also substitute for Ca ionic in cationic sites in calcite (Reeder 1983). Previous studies in the mining area soils showed that Pb was preferably associated with the non-residual fraction (Monterroso et al 2014;Li et al 2015). Therefore, Cd, Zn, and Pb can reach deeper depth than As.…”

“…The mobility of metals in soil profiles was classed as Cd > Zn ≫ Pb > As. In contrast with arsenic, Cd and Zn were usually associated with the more liable fractions such as carbonate minerals since the Ca had an ionic radius similar to Cd (Han and Banin 1995;Rosen and Chen 2014;Li et al 2015). As a result, Cd could easily substitute for Ca in calcium carbonate in soils, leading to a high concentration of Cd in carbonatebond fraction.…”

Geochemistry of terrigenous sediments in surface water from ore and okitipupa southwest, Nigeria

“…The upsurge of industrialization and population have engendered harmful chemicals and elemental pollutants that are always injected into the soils and sediments through numerous anthropogenic activities which preclude: atmospheric deposition, industrialization, agricultural activities and riparian anthropogenic activities, where chemicals and metals are produced. Trace metals are often housed by soil which are repeatedly leached into the environment (Peizhong et al, 2015;Uwumarongie et al, 2008;Banat et al, 2005;Rafael et al, 2016), materials beneath surface water serve as barometer to survey the pollutant level in aquatic ecosystem (Yang et al, 2009;Safaa, 2015;Pekey et al, 2004). The chemistry of aquatic ecosystem towards the level of pollutants varies, where the amount and nature of pollutant in the seabed will quantify the degree of pollution (Edward et al, 2013;Abida et al, 2009;Verep et al, 2012;Marchand et al, 2016).…”