Contamination and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in sediments of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran

Esmaeilzadeh, Marjan; Mahmoudpuor, Elham; Haghighat, Somayeh; Esmaeilzadeh, Sara; Aliani, Hamide; Yazdanfar, Najmeh

doi:10.2166/wst.2021.455

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Hasan et al (2016) found very high contamination for Mn, whereas considerable contamination was observed for Pb in the surface water of the Bay of Bengal coast. Esmaeilzadeh et al (2021) found CF for Cr and Mn at 1.0 > CF > 3.0, reflecting moderate pollution in the studied area. Several previous types of the research reported that using fertilizers and fungicides in agricultural lands and rice farms was the primary origin of many heavy metals in the Anzali Wetland (Khosheghbal et al 2013).…”

Section: Pollution Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Where, 𝐶𝐶 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑟𝑟 and 𝐶𝐶 𝑏𝑏𝑠𝑠𝑟𝑟𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑟𝑟𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑟𝑟𝑏𝑏 , respectively, refer to the concentration of a pollutant in the samples (collected directly from the field) and the background (subsurface water) of the study area. CF was widely used to determine the contamination level of heavy metals in the environmental samples (Dat et al 2021;Esmaeilzadeh et al 2021;Hasan et al 2016;Khosheghbal et al 2013). The CF model for heavy metals contamination is given in Table 2 (Dat et al 2021;Hakanson 1980).…”

Section: Contamination Factor (Cf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

Shah

Munshi

Islam

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Irrigation water is an important factor in proper crop production. Thus irrigation water plays a vital role in food safety and security. This study, therefore, focuses on the estimation of the concentration of four heavy metals in irrigation water along with their pollution assessments. The concentration of heavy metals found in this study followed the order of Mn (0.0913-0.3701 mg/L) > Pb (0.0211-0.2104 mg/L) > Cd (0.0004-0.0222 mg/L) > Cr (0.00105-0.00937 mg/L). In a few cases, the concentrations of heavy metals exceed the permissible limit for irrigation water recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization. Pollution assessments were carried out using the enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, and modified degree of contamination. This study revealed that the enrichment factor for lead and chromium showed no enrichment, whereas cadmium showed minor to moderate enrichment, and manganese was used as a reference element. The geoaccumulation index and contamination factor demonstrate that lead and chromium were uncontaminated, but manganese and cadmium denote moderate contamination. The modified degree of contamination indicated nil to the lower degree of contamination for all samples. Proper steps by the government and different organizations should be taken to identify the reasons for their sources, and appropriate techniques should be implemented to reduce their concentrations.

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Section: Pollution Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Contamination Factor (Cf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

Shah

Munshi

Islam

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…However, for Mn and Cd, maximum CF values were between 1.0 and 3.0, which denotes moderate contamination Hasan et al (2016). found very high contamination for Mn, whereas considerable contamination was observed for Pb in the surface water of the Bay of Bengal coast Esmaeilzadeh et al (2021). found CF for Cr and Mn at 1.0 > CF > 3.0, re ecting moderate pollution in the studied area.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water in Rajshahi City of Bangladesh

Shah

Munshi

Islam

et al. 2023

Preprint

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As Bangladesh is an agricultural country, irrigation water is an important factor in proper crop production. Thus irrigation water plays a vital role in food safety and security. This study, therefore, focuses on the estimation of the concentration of four heavy metals in irrigation water along with their pollution assessments. Twenty water samples were collected from different areas of Rajshahi City in Bangladesh. The concentration of heavy metals found in this study followed the order of Mn (0.0913-0.3701 mg/L) > Pb (0.0211-0.2104 mg/L) > Cd (0.0004-0.0222 mg/L) > Cr (0.00105-0.00937 mg/L). In a few cases, the concentrations of heavy metals exceed the permissible limit for irrigation water recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization. Pollution assessments were carried out using the enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index, contamination factor, and modified degree of contamination. This study revealed that the enrichment factor for lead and chromium showed no enrichment, whereas cadmium showed minor to moderate enrichment, and manganese was used as a reference element. The geoaccumulation index and contamination factor demonstrate that lead and chromium were uncontaminated, but manganese and cadmium denote moderate contamination. The modified degree of contamination indicated nil to the lower degree of contamination for all samples. Therefore, awareness should be raised among the people about the adverse health effects of these metal contaminations. Proper steps by the government and different organizations should be taken to identify the reasons for their sources, and appropriate techniques should be implemented to reduce their concentrations.

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“…As a coastal wetland, it provides important habitat for birds (the wintering habitat for a variety of waterbird species; [52]) and constitutes a source of fish production in the Caspian Sea. However, in recent decades, Anzali Wetland has been subjected to environmental issues such as urban sprawl and gradual land degradation [53], and biological organisms in the Anzali Wetland are also threatened by toxic substances [54]. Additionally, past research indicated that the agricultural sector could be considered the most important cause of Anzali Wetland degradation [55,56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritizing Water Resources for Conservation in a Land of Water Crisis: The Case of Protected Areas of Iran

Sobhani

Esmaeilzadeh

Sadeghi

et al. 2022

Water

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This study examines the distribution of water resources in Protected Areas in Iran and their priority for conservation. The results show that most of the water resources are located in the north and northwest of Iran due to favorable climatic conditions, topography, ambient temperature, and annual rainfall levels. Conversely, the lowest amount of water resources are located in the center and southeast of the country. Water resources were prioritized based on expert ratings of indicators to determine their value for conservation. The wetland with the highest priority for conservation is the Anzali Wetland (Gilan province), which is an international Ramsar Wetland. Conversely, Namak Lake (Qom province) was deemed the least important due to its geographical location, biological sensitivity, and conservation status. Protected Areas were found to support more surface water resources and provide space for the largest percentage of water resources, demonstrating their great value for protecting water resources in Iran. However, the level of protection of these critical resources, although located in Protected Areas, was shown to be insufficient. Therefore, appropriate planning and integrated management approaches are urgently needed to protect water resources and aquatic habitats in Protected Areas in Iran to address the current water crisis.

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Contamination and ecological risk assessment of trace elements in sediments of the Anzali Wetland, Northern Iran

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water

Pollution Assessment of Selected Heavy Metals in Irrigation Water in Rajshahi City of Bangladesh

Prioritizing Water Resources for Conservation in a Land of Water Crisis: The Case of Protected Areas of Iran

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