Contaminated Produce—a Common Source for Two Outbreaks of Shigella Gastroenteritis

Martin, Deborah L.; Gustafson, Tracy L.; Pelosi, Jan W.; Suarez, Lucina; Pierce, Gloria V.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114388

Cited by 49 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Risk assessment approach for fresh fruits Shigella spp. Kapperud et al 1995;Martin et al 1986;Saddik et al 1985;Davis et al 1988;Tauxe et al 1997;Fredlund et al 1987 Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Catteau et al 1985;Darbas et al 1985a,b;Gola et al 1990;Johannessen et al 2002;Salamah 1993;Tassinari et al 1994;Cavazzini et al 1982Cavazzini et al , 1989Nuorti et al 2004 Escherichia coli (EHEC, Besser et al 1993;Zepeda et al 1995;Odumeru et al 1997;Parish 1997;Tauxe et al 1997;Beuchat 1996;Cavazzini et al 1989;Bell and Kyriakides 1998;Franco et al 1987;…”

Section: Hazard Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk assessment approach for fresh fruits

Bassett

McClure

2008

J Appl Microbiol

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Aims: To describe the approach used in conducting a fit‐for‐purpose risk assessment of microbiological human pathogens associated with fresh fruit and the risk management recommendations made. Methods and Results: A qualitative risk assessment for microbiological hazards in fresh fruit was carried out based on the Codex Alimentarius (Codex) framework, modified to consider multiple hazards and all fresh (whole) fruits. The assessment determines 14 significant bacterial, viral, protozoal and nematodal hazards associated with fresh produce, assesses the probable level of exposure from fresh fruit, concludes on the risk from each hazard, and considers and recommends risk management actions. A review of potential risk management options allowed the comparison of effectiveness with the potential exposure to each hazard. Conclusions: Washing to a recommended protocol is an appropriate risk management action for the vast majority of consumption events, particularly when good agricultural and hygienic practices are followed and with the addition of refrigerated storage for low acid fruit. Additional safeguards are recommended for aggregate fruits with respect to the risk from protozoa. Significance and Impact of the Study: The potentially complex process of assessing the risks of multiple hazards in multiple but similar commodities can be simplified in a qualitative assessment approach that employs the Codex methodology.

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Section: Hazard Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk assessment approach for fresh fruits

Bassett

McClure

2008

J Appl Microbiol

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“…Shipments of iceberg lettuce that would have been received by the local distributor in Louisville January [11][12][13][14][15][16] were traced to four domestic suppliers; however, no information was available regarding the farm source of lettuce provided by these suppliers. Just before the outbreak in January of 1988, the importation of Mexican iceberg lettuce increased 10-foldl4 because of drought in the Summer of 1987 in the United States (Figure 2 …”

Section: Tracing the Source Of Contaminated Fresh Producementioning

confidence: 99%

A multifocal outbreak of hepatitis A traced to commercially distributed lettuce.

Rosenblum¹,

Mirkin²,

Allen³

et al. 1990

Am J Public Health

186

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From February I through March 20, 1988, 202 cases of hepatitis A were reported in and around Jefferson County, Kentucky. The epidemic curve indicated a common-source exposure. However, there was no apparent single source of exposure from a restaurant, or community gathering; nor was there a geographic clustering by residence. Cases were mainly adults 20-59 years old (89 percent); 51 percent were female. A case-control study using neighborhood controls found that factors associated with hepatitis A were: having eaten downtown (odds ratio [OR] = 4.0) and having dined at any one of three restaurants (OR = 21.0). Casecontrol studies of patrons of two of these restaurants found that

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“…are a foodborne problem as well (227). Several large outbreaks of Shigella sonnei gastroenteritis have been traced to contaminated produce (154). The Shigella spp.…”

Section: Listeria Monocytogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary issues: diseases with a food vector

1988

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Foodborne disease has become a contemporary issue. Several large, well-publicized outbreaks of foodborne disease have heightened public awareness that harmful microorganisms may be present in food and that chronic as well as acute disease may be caused by foodborne microbes. The field of food microbiology has likewise experienced a resurgence of interest. New tools, such as recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid technology and monoclonal antibody production, used to elucidate microbial virulence factors have facilitated identification of disease-causing microbes once thought to be harmless and demonstrated the complexity of individual virulence mechanisms previously considered to be well understood. Foodborne pathogens are also causing disease via some surprising food vectors, such as chopped, bottled garlic and sauteed onions. In addition to acute gastrointestinal disturbances, certain microorganisms may, through complex interactions with the human immune response, cause chronic diseases that affect several major organ systems. These microbes are serving as models in studies of molecular mimicry and genetic interrelatedness of procaryotes and eucaryotes. Other recently recognized attributes of foodborne microorganisms, such as the heat shock phenomenon and the possible nonculturability of some bacteria, may affect their ability to cause disease in humans. Because foodborne disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, the study of these diseases and their causative microorganisms presents a unique challenge to many professionals in the subdisciplines of microbiology, epidemiology, and clinical medicine.

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Contaminated Produce—a Common Source for Two Outbreaks of Shigella Gastroenteritis

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

A risk assessment approach for fresh fruits

A risk assessment approach for fresh fruits

A multifocal outbreak of hepatitis A traced to commercially distributed lettuce.

Contemporary issues: diseases with a food vector

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