2019
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43660-2
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Contaminated feed-borne Bacillus cereus aggravates respiratory distress post avian influenza virus H9N2 infection by inducing pneumonia

Abstract: Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 is identified in chickens with respiratory disease while Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus ) has been frequently isolated from chicken feed in China. However, the roles of co-infection with these two pathogens remain unclear. In the present study, SPF chicks were intragastrically administered with 10 8 CFU/mL of B. cereus for 7 days and then inoculated intranasally with 100 EID … Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…[24]. In our previous study, feed-borne B. cereus co-infection with avian influenza virus (H9N2) has produced significant gizzard erosions and ulceration(GEU) in all bird groups by damaging to the epithelium of the digestive tract, which facilitates other susceptible pathogens [19]. More recently, chickens exposed to the B. cereus co-infection with Chlamydia psittaci developed a severe GEU syndrome suggesting that injury to the koilin layer of the gizzard with B. cereus toxins could directly affect the gizzard membrane, while the intraesophageal C. psittaci infection also promotes the development of the GEU [26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…[24]. In our previous study, feed-borne B. cereus co-infection with avian influenza virus (H9N2) has produced significant gizzard erosions and ulceration(GEU) in all bird groups by damaging to the epithelium of the digestive tract, which facilitates other susceptible pathogens [19]. More recently, chickens exposed to the B. cereus co-infection with Chlamydia psittaci developed a severe GEU syndrome suggesting that injury to the koilin layer of the gizzard with B. cereus toxins could directly affect the gizzard membrane, while the intraesophageal C. psittaci infection also promotes the development of the GEU [26].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Afterwards, positive tubes were streaked onto Mannitol Yolk Polymyxine Agar (MYP) (Oxoid, Beijing, China), and then colonies were grown for 18-24 h at 30 • C. Typical colonies grown on MYP were confirmed with a biochemical test as described previously [31]. Furthermore, isolates of Bacillus spp were identified by molecular analysis using the 16s rRNA gene, nheA gene, nheB gene, nheC gene, Em1gene and CytK gene as previously described [19]. The MPN of B. cereus was detected based on the number of tubes at each dilution in which the presence of B. cereus was noted [32].…”
Section: Bacillus Spp Isolation Identification and Contamination Statusmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, gizzard pathology has been observed in infections mainly with bacteria and fungi, but also with (non-enveloped and thus more resistant) adenoviruses (Gjevre et al, 2013). As for influenza infections, a recent report describes that a co-infection with H9N2 virus potentially exacerbates gizzard ulceration induced by feed-borne Bacilus cereus contamination, but the virus alone does not cause gizzard damage (Zhang et al, 2019). Thus, it seems unlikely that Influenza viruses infect cells of the gizzard on a regular basis.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…During this year, the most identified organism in our wards was Gram-positive Bacillus 26.8% (n=197). Bacillus is very pathogenic and could develop fatal infections, mainly in neonatal and immunocompromised patients , Zhang et al(2019). Moreover, Bacillus cereuscould cause gastrointestinal bleeding, necrosis and fatty changes in liver, Dhafer (2018).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%