Contaminants migrating from crossed-linked polyethylene pipes and their effect on drinking water odour

Kalweit, Cynthia; Stottmeister, E.; Rapp, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.001

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Today these substances are known under the designation "Arvin I to X", such as 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxystyrene as Arvin V. Amongst all the identified contaminants, one particular substance is repeatedly present in considerable concentrations: 7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro [4,5]deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, referred in the present work as S.1 (substance 1) (Figure 1), and which is believed to be a leachable impurity related to the commercial antioxidant Irganox 1010 [3]. In migration waters from cross-linked polyethylene (PE-X) pipes few numbers of research groups estimated S.1 with GC-MS screening, but never quantified it [3,9,10]. Because this substance is believed to be of health risk, the critical question arises whether the semi-quantification of S.1 by GC-MS gives representative values, or whether the concentrations are under-or overestimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Release of antioxidants and their degradation products from materials in contact with drinking water

Kalweit

Berger²,

Kämpfe³

et al. 2023

Vom Wasser

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Release of antioxidants and their degradation products from materials in contact with drinking water

Kalweit

Berger²,

Kämpfe³

et al. 2023

Vom Wasser

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“…Pipe corrosion in drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) is a key factor deteriorating the water quality at the consumers’ taps even if the finished water from drinking water treatment plants satisfies all drinking water standards . Commonly used water supply pipelines could be briefly divided into nonmetallic and metallic pipes. , Plastic pipes, such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PE (polyethylene), are mainly used as household pipes and small-diameter water pipes. , Among metallic pipes, unlined cast iron pipes have been gradually phased out, but there are still a large number of old pipes in stock throughout the world. , Prestressed concrete pipes had ever been primarily used for large-diameter long-distance water transmission . Stainless steel pipes are generally small in diameter and are mainly used for household pipes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Plastic pipes, such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and PE (polyethylene), are mainly used as household pipes and small-diameter water pipes. 4,5 Among metallic pipes, unlined cast iron pipes have been gradually phased out, but there are still a large number of old pipes in stock throughout the world. 6,7 Prestressed concrete pipes had ever been primarily used for large-diameter long-distance water transmission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability of Cement Mortar Lining in Drinking Water Supply Pipelines under Different Hardness and Alkalinity Conditions

et al. 2022

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Cement mortar lined iron pipes are widely used in drinking water distributions systems (DWDS), but the quantitative evaluation of chemical stability of the cement mortar lining (CML) under different drinking water conditions is still scarce. Here, we established pipe reactors using DN100 cement mortar lined ductile iron pipe to investigate the pipe material leaching into water and the corresponding changes in surface properties under a wide range of hardnesses (0−330 mg/L as CaCO 3 ) and alkalinities (0−250 mg/L as CaCO 3 ). Results showed that drinking water with hardness and alkalinity of higher than 30 mg/L can markedly decrease CML material release via the formation of a calcium carbonate layer. The thickness of the calcium carbonate precipitation layer and the corrosion affected depth of CML were dependent on the concentration levels of water hardness and alkalinity. CML contacted with low alkalinity and low hardness water (A30H30) was affected to a depth of about 71 μm and a precipitation layer thickness of about 11 μm formed on the surface, while the CML contacted with high alkalinity and moderate hardness water (A250H160) was affected to a depth of 37 μm and a precipitation layer thickness of 41 μm. More importantly, the formation of the calcium carbonate layer by Ca 2+ migration from both sides of the CML− water interface could occur even if the initial water CCPP (calcium carbonate precipitation potential) was negative, which expanded the range of water quality suitable for CML pipe application.

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“…odors associated with agriculture and industry are frequently detected in drinking and wastewaters(Davi et al 1999;Agus et al 2012). Especially, 2-tert-butylphenol, which is a typical industrial product of antioxidant, medical intermediate, pesticide intermediate, perfume raw material, etc., has been detected as a typical odorcausing compound in the cross-linked polyethylene pipes used for drinking water supply(Liu et al 2017;Kalweit et al 2019). The studies reported that the phenolic compounds detected in the source water are related to industrial sewage discharge(Chen et al, 2018).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications for emergency response to the severe odor incident occurred in source water: Potential odorants and control strategy

Guo

Chen

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Sudden odor incidents occurring in the source water have been a severe problem for water suppliers. In order to apply emergency control measures effectively, it is necessary to identify the target compounds responsible for odor incidents rapidly. The present work identi ed the odorants and explored emergency disposal mechanisms for sudden and severe odors in the QT River's drinking water source (HZ city, China). Medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors with strong intensities were detected in the source water. The effect of conventional treatments of drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) on odors' removal was limited, which was evident by the presence of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors with moderate intensities in the e uent of DWTP. Total seventeen odorants were identi ed successfully in the source water of QT River and the e uent of DWTP. The measured OAVs and reconstituting the identi ed odorants explained 87%, 87%, 89%, and 94% of medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors, respectively, in the source water of the QT River and 90%, 87%, and 88% of medicinal, chemical, and musty odors in the e uent. Styrene, phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-tertbutylphenol, and 2-methylphenol were associated with the medicinal odor, while propyl sul de, diethyl disul de, propyl disul de, and indole were related to the septic odor. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) were responsible for the musty odor, and cyclohexanone, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene were involved with the chemical odor. Based on the characteristics of identi ed odorants, powdered activated carbon (PAC) was applied to control the odors in the QT River. The results indicated that the medicinal, chemical, septic, and musty odors could be removed entirely after adding 15 mg/L PAC, which effectively controlled emergency odor problems. Overall, the study would offer a scienti c basis and operational reference for emergency odor management and control in DWTP with similar complicated odor incidents.

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Contaminants migrating from crossed-linked polyethylene pipes and their effect on drinking water odour

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Release of antioxidants and their degradation products from materials in contact with drinking water

Release of antioxidants and their degradation products from materials in contact with drinking water

Stability of Cement Mortar Lining in Drinking Water Supply Pipelines under Different Hardness and Alkalinity Conditions

Implications for emergency response to the severe odor incident occurred in source water: Potential odorants and control strategy

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