Contaminant seeds in imported crop seed lots: a non‐negligible human‐mediated pathway for introduction of plant species to islands

Gervilla, C; Rita, Juan; Cursach, Joana

doi:10.1111/wre.12362

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…2). Both were the dominant families in contaminant species in imported grains (Shimono and Konuma 2008;Wilson et al 2016;Gervilla et al 2019). Furthermore, all the indicator species of the grain landing ports in both seasons were reported to be contaminated in imported grain (Table . 1) and there was a tendency that more abundant species at the grain landing ports to show high contamination rates (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Weed Seed Contamination in Grain Commodities as Propagule Pressure

Ikeda

Nishi

Asai³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The international grain trade is a major pathway for the introduction of alien plants because grain commodities can be contaminated with various weed seeds. To evaluate how alien weed seeds derived from imported grain commodities affect local vegetation in international trading ports, we conducted a vegetation survey on a set of grain landing ports and non-grain landing ports in nine regions throughout Japan to compare the vegetation between these two types of ports. We also surveyed weed seed contamination of wheat imported into Japan, and the contamination rate was calculated for each species based on our survey and previous studies on weed seed contamination. The vegetation clearly differed between the grain landing ports and the non-grain ports. In the grain landing ports, alien species were more abundant than in non-grain landing ports. All indicator species of the grain landing ports were reported to be contaminants in grain commodities. Furthermore, there was a tendency for the more abundant species at the grain landing ports to show higher contamination rates in grain commodities. These results indicate that contaminant seeds spill from imported grain in grain landing ports, and highly contaminated species are likely to become established. We clearly show that weed seed contamination in grain commodities plays an important role in propagule pressure. Gathering information about the prevalence of weeds in grain-exporting countries and monitoring the weed species composition in imported grain commodities is becoming increasingly important for predicting the unintentional introduction of troublesome weeds and identifying effective weed management options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Weed Seed Contamination in Grain Commodities as Propagule Pressure

Ikeda

Nishi

Asai³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Past international studies looking at weed seed contamination are scarce, and generally focused on relatively few crop species or a small number of seed lots [ 2 , 6 , 54 , 55 ]. In addition, none of these studies investigated vegetable crop seeds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data fields from QuanCargo that were used for analysis included: unique seed lot ID, crop species, contaminant taxa, country of origin and mass of seed lot [ 1 , 2 , 31 , 43 ]. We reformatted data to account for the one-to-many relationships between contaminant seeds and seed lot, where more than one contaminant taxon was present in a shipment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from seed lot mass, size of the actual crop seed can impact contamination levels, as seed lots containing smaller-sized crop seeds are more likely to be contaminated than those with larger seeds [ 1 , 2 ]. Contamination levels are also influenced by crop seed type [ 6 ] (arable/cereal, forage, forestry, flower, vegetable), especially in relation to average mass of a seed lot, seed size, handling conditions, wholesale value and farming practices of the crop seed [ 1 , 34 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand

et al. 2021

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Imports of seeds for sowing are a major pathway for the introduction of contaminant seeds, and many agricultural weeds globally naturalised originally have entered through this pathway. Effective management of this pathway is a significant means of reducing future plant introductions and helps minimise agricultural losses. Using a national border inspection database, we examined the frequency, origin and identity of contaminant seeds within seed for sowing shipments entering New Zealand between 2014–2018. Our analysis looked at 41,610 seed lots across 1,420 crop seed species from over 90 countries. Overall, contamination was rare, occurring in 1.9% of all seed lots. Among the different crop types, the arable category had the lowest percentage of seed lots contaminated (0.5%) and the forage category had the highest (12.6%). Crop seeds Capsicum, Phaseolus and Solanum had the lowest contamination rates (0.0%). Forage crops Medicago (27.3%) and Trifolium (19.8%) had the highest contamination rates. Out of 191 genera recorded as contaminants, Chenopodium was the most common. Regulated quarantine weeds were the rarest contaminant type, only occurring in 0.06% of seed lots. Sorghum halepense was the most common quarantine species and was only found in vegetable seed lots. Vegetable crop seed lots accounted for approximately half of all quarantine species detections, Raphanus sativus being the most contaminated vegetable crop. Larger seed lots were significantly more contaminated and more likely to contain a quarantine species than smaller seed lots. These findings support International Seed Testing Association rules on maximum seed lot weights. Low contamination rates suggest industry practices are effective in minimising contaminant seeds. Considering New Zealand inspects every imported seed lot, utilises a working sample size 5 times larger than International Seed Testing Association rules require, trades crop seed with approximately half of the world’s countries and imports thousands of crop seed species, our study provides a unique overview of contaminant seeds that move throughout the seed for sowing system.

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“…Taking into consideration that agricultural products -in particular cereals -contain weed seeds (Fay, 1990;Shimizu, 1998;van Barneveld, 1999;Shimono 2008;Wilson et al, 2016;Gervilla et al, 2019) it can lead to the invasion of noxious weed species in natural habitats. Furthermore, detrimental impacts are enhanced by anthropogenic activity due to feeding, increased game density, bare and degraded soil and increased availability of nutrients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of weed invasion at bait sites in the Mátra Landscape Protection Area

2019

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The effects of wild game feeding have been widely investigated, but little consideration has been given to it in Hungary. Feeding places for capturing and shooting wild boar (so-called bait sites) are spreading in some regions and they have a growing impact on vegetation. The aim of our study was to assess the extent of weed invasion in two different aspects. For this purpose, we selected two types of bait sites, located in forest and clearing areas, in the Mátra Landscape Protection Area. Four transects were arranged from the centre of the bait sites, each consisting of 22 1×1m quadrats, where vegetation surveys were carried out in May and August 2016, 2018. The results revealed a stress gradient along the transects: the proportion of weeds decreased further from the centre, while indigenous plant species increased. Bait sites in clearing areas were most invaded by weeds, possibly due to its greater accessibility. Here we detected a significant difference between plant communities as T4 weeds dominated in August. Conversely, bait sites in the forest were less weedy with similar vegetation states between the two surveys which had a sparse understory cover.

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Contaminant seeds in imported crop seed lots: a non‐negligible human‐mediated pathway for introduction of plant species to islands

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

The Role of Weed Seed Contamination in Grain Commodities as Propagule Pressure

The Role of Weed Seed Contamination in Grain Commodities as Propagule Pressure

Weed seed contamination in imported seed lots entering New Zealand

Assessment of weed invasion at bait sites in the Mátra Landscape Protection Area

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