Contaminant induced lysosomal membrane damage in marine mussel digestive cells: an in vitro study

Hemocyte functions and bacterial clearance affected in vivo by TBT and DBT in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis

“…Lysosome retention (LR): LR was evaluated by using neutral red dye following the technique described by Lowe & Pipe (1994). Aliquots of 100 µl pooled hemolymph were added to 200 µl 2% neutral red dye in TBS, in a sterile centrifuge tube, and incubated at room temperature for 5 h. The cells were then washed with TBS, fixed 2% glutaraldehyde in TBS, and centrifuged at 800 × g for 10 min.…”

Lysosomal changes in the hemocytes of the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha experimentally exposed to lead and zinc

“…Therefore, using various technical approaches, the responses of the digestive cell lysosomal system have received the principal attention in pollution assessment in marine ecosystems. Numerous field and experimental studies have shown that various environmental stressors (metallic and organic xenobiotics, thermal, hypoxia and salinity stress, oxygen-free radicals) caused 2 main types of general stress responses in mollusc digestive gland cells: reduction in lysosomal membrane stability and enlargement of lysosomes (Moore 1976, Lowe et al 1981, Patel & Patel 1985, Viarengo et al 1987, Lowe 1988, Moore 1988, Cajaraville et al 1989, Lowe & Clarke 1989, Marigomez et al 1989, Winston et al 1991, Regoli 1992, Etxeberria et al 1994, Krishnakumar et al 1994, Lowe & Pipe 1994, Svenden & Weeks 1995.…”

Monitoring PAH contamination in the field (South west Iberian Peninsula): Biomonitoring using fluorescence spectrophotometry and physiological assessments in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (L.) (Crustacea: Decapoda)

“…In the context of environmental monitoring, it is therefore imperative that all modes of PAH inputs are evaluated, not only oil spills. PAH spectrofluorimetric analysis in crustacean urine and associated physiological assessments are therefore an integrated approach which represents a realistic, relatively-inexpensive means of monitoring the bioavailability of PAHs Galloway et al, 2004;Watson et al, 2004a;2004b) and the potential for associated biological impact, thereby corroborating previous evidence of physiological effects of PAH exposure (Lowe and Pipe, 1994;Bamber and Depledge, 1997;Fossi et al, 2000;Dissanayake et al, 2008a). A key facet of the urinary metabolite technique is its ability to identify PAH "hotspots" within relatively large coastal areas impacted by PAH contamination which promotes its use in environmental management and regulation procedures.…”