Contaminant exposure in terrestrial vertebrates

Smith, Philip; Cobb, George P.; Godard-Codding, Céline A.J.; Hoff, Dale J.; McMurry, Scott T.; Rainwater, Thomas R.; Reynolds, Kevin D.

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.009

Cited by 179 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 275 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Additional health concerns result from other types of anthropogenic disturbance, such as agriculture and mining. Both these activities are widespread throughout Madagascar [Smith et al, 2007]. Long-term effects of mining activities have led to severe ecological changes around mining sites, including vegetation loss, soil erosion, and contamination of rivers [Eisler, 1998;Hammond et al, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More data will be needed to determine if cobalt and nickel affect health in indri at AFC; however, metal contamination remains an important concern for wildlife health in general. Chronic exposure to metals can exert a health impact [Eisler, 1998;Smith et al, 2007]. Cobalt at low levels exhibits little toxic potential, but may cause health concerns at high levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (Indri indri) health in Madagascar

Junge

Barrett

Yoder

2011

American J Primatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Anthropogenic habitat disturbance impairs ecosystem health by fragmenting forested areas, introducing environmental contamination, and reducing the quality of habitat resources. The effect of this disturbance on wildlife health is of particular concern in Madagascar, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots, where anthropogenic pressures on the environment remain high. Despite the conservation importance of threatened lemur populations in Madagascar, few data exist on the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on lemur health. To examine these impacts, indri (Indri indri) populations were evaluated from two forest reserves that differ in their exposure to anthropogenic disturbance. We compared the health status of 36 indri individuals from two sites: one population from a protected, undisturbed area of lowland evergreen humid forest and the other population from a reserve exposed to frequent tourism and forest degradation. Comparison of indri health parameters between sites suggests an impact of anthropogenic disturbance, including significant differences in leukocyte count and differential, 12 serum parameters, 6 trace minerals, and a higher diversity of parasites, with a significant difference in the presence of the louse, Trichophilopterus babakotophilus. These data suggest that indri living in disturbed forests may experience physiological changes and increased susceptibility to parasitism, which may ultimately impair reproductive success and survival.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (Indri indri) health in Madagascar

Junge

Barrett

Yoder

2011

American J Primatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Direct dermal contact with pesticides is a concern for postmetamorphic, terrestrial amphibians that reside in agricultural habitats or that move large distances through agricultural fields during breeding season (Smith et al 2007;Brühl et al 2011;Fryday and Thompson 2012;Smalling et al 2012;Lenhardt et al 2014). The same dermal characteristics that make amphibians ideally suited for both aquatic and terrestrial habitats also may leave them more susceptible to pesticides, which may be readily taken up across the skin and distributed to various organs in the Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct dermal contact with pesticides presents a potentially significant but understudied route of exposure in terrestrial amphibians (Smith et al 2007;Brühl et al 2011). Unlike amniotes, amphibian skin is used for both gas and water exchange.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike amniotes, amphibian skin is used for both gas and water exchange. Unique dermal properties associated with the biphasic life history of amphibians, including a ventral seat patch and aquaporins, which assist with water movement across the skin, may contribute to their increased susceptibility to pesticides and other contaminants (Smith et al 2007;Quaranta et al 2009;Ogushi et al 2010;Brühl et al 2011). To facilitate water uptake, many amphibians actively place the seat patch, a highly vascularized region of ventral skin, in direct contact with a moist substrate (McClanahan and Baldwin 1969).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pesticide Uptake Across the Amphibian Dermis Through Soil and Overspray Exposures

Meter

Glinski

Henderson

et al. 2015

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For terrestrial amphibians, accumulation of pesticides through dermal contact is a primary route of exposure in agricultural landscapes and may be contributing to widespread amphibian declines. To show pesticide transfer across the amphibian dermis at permitted label application rates, our study was designed to measure pesticide body burdens after two simulated exposure scenarios. We compared direct exposures, where amphibians were present when spraying occurred, to indirect exposures, where amphibians were exposed to soils after pesticide application. During summer 2012, we reared barking (Hyla gratiosa) and green treefrogs (H. cinerea) through 60-90 days post-metamorphosis at a United States Environmental Protection Agency research laboratory. We tested exposure for 8 h to five pesticide active ingredients (imidacloprid, atrazine, triadimefon, fipronil, or pendimethalin) in glass aquaria lined with soil in the laboratory. We quantified total pesticide body burden and soil concentrations using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. All individuals in both treatments had measurable body burdens at the end of the study. A randomized block design analysis of variance (n = 18) showed that body burdens (p = 0.03) and bioconcentration factors (BCFs) (p = 0.01) were significantly greater in the direct overspray treatment relative to the indirect soil spray treatment for both species and tested pesticides. BCFs ranged from 0.1 to 1.16 and from 0.013 to 0.78 in the direct and indirect treatments, respectively. Our study shows dermal uptake for multiple pesticides from both direct spray and indirect soil exposures and provides empirical support for the degree to which terrestrial phase amphibians have higher body burdens after overspray pesticide exposure.

show abstract

Assessment of organochlorine pesticides and metals in ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar

Rainwater

Sauther

Rainwater

et al. 2009

American J Primatol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Like most of Madagascar's endemic primates, ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) face a number of threats to their survival. Although habitat loss is of greatest concern, other anthropogenic factors including environmental contamination may also affect lemur health and survival. In this study, we examined ring-tailed lemurs from the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve (BMSR), southern Madagascar for exposure to organochlorine (OC) pesticides and metals and examined differences in contaminant concentrations between sexes and among age groups, troops, and habitats. A total of 14 pesticides and 13 metals was detected in lemur blood (24 individuals) and hair (65 individuals) samples, respectively. p,p'-DDT, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, endrin aldehyde, and endrin were among the most prevalent pesticides detected. Surprisingly, the persistent metabolite of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, was not detected. The most commonly detected metals were aluminum, zinc, boron, phosphorus, silicon, and copper, whereas metals considered more hazardous to wildlife (e.g. arsenic, cadmium, lead, selenium, vanadium) were not found above detection limits. Overall, concentrations of OC pesticides and metals were low and similar to those considered to be background concentrations in other studies examining the ecotoxicology of wild mammals. Few inter-sex, -age, -troop, and -habitat differences in contaminant concentrations were observed, suggesting a uniform distribution of contaminants within the reserve. Several statistically significant relationships between lemur body size and contaminant concentrations were observed, but owing to the lack of supportive data regarding contaminant exposure in wild primates, the biological significance of these findings remains uncertain. Results of this study document exposure of ring-tailed lemurs at BMSR to multiple OC pesticides and metals and provide essential baseline data for future health and toxicological evaluations of lemurs and other wild primates, especially those in regions with expanding agricultural and mining operations.

show abstract

Contaminant exposure in terrestrial vertebrates

Cited by 179 publications

References 275 publications

Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (Indri indri) health in Madagascar

Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on indri (Indri indri) health in Madagascar

Pesticide Uptake Across the Amphibian Dermis Through Soil and Overspray Exposures

Assessment of organochlorine pesticides and metals in ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) at Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About