Containerless solidification of oxide material using an electrostatic levitation furnace in microgravity

Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of BiFeO3 microcrystals and their visible-light photocatalytic activity

“…However, it is still an active area of research to obtain a stoichiometric single phase BFO material. According to the Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 phase diagram, BFO is an incongruently melting compound [8,9] and the kinetics of phase formation in the Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 system can easily lead to the appearance of impurities such as Bi 25 FeO 40 , Bi 2 O 3 or Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 when preparing it by the conventional solid state reaction route [10][11][12].…”

Factors controlling pure-phase multiferroic BiFeO3 powders synthesized by chemical co-precipitation

“…Second, the chemical valence of Fe ion varies in an oxygen-deficient atmosphere; the charge defects with respect to Fe 2+ ions produced in the synthesis are usually related to the large leakage current in BiFeO 3 [4,5]. Third, the synthesis area of single-phase BiFeO 3 in the phase diagram of Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 is very narrow from the view point of thermodynamics, in which two kinds of impurities (Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 and Bi 25 FeO 39 ) are the usual substitutions for BiFeO 3 [6,7].…”

Defect driven multiferroicity in Gd doped BiFeO3 at room temperature

“…According to the phase diagram of Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 , BiFeO 3 is an incongruently melting compound [15,16] and the kinetics of phase formation in the Bi 2 O 3 -Fe 2 O 3 system can easily lead to the appearance of impurities such as Bi 25 FeO 40 and Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 , when preparing it by solid state sintering procedure [17,18]. It is also reported that [18], the successful synthesis of single phase powder essentially may be dependent on the purity ( Z99.9995%) of the starting materials.…”