Container size influences snack food intake independently of portion size

Marchiori, David; Corneille, Olivier; Klein, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.01.015

Cited by 71 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Variables that have been shown to affect the portion of food selected, such as the size and shape of the container in which food is offered 17-20 or the bowl into which it is served, 21 were controlled in the present study. The same weight of cereal was presented in a large opaque container and differences between the cereals were not evident until the cereal was poured into a standard-size bowl.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Cereal Volume Affect the Amount Selected and Eaten for Breakfast

Rolls¹,

Meengs²,

Roe³

2014

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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Food volume could influence both the portions that people take and the amount that they eat, but these effects have had little investigation. The influence of food volume was tested by systematically reducing the flake size of a breakfast cereal so that the cereal was more compact and the same weight filled a smaller volume. In a crossover design, 41 adults ate cereal for breakfast once a week for four weeks during 2011-2012. The cereal was either standard wheat flakes or the same cereal crushed to reduce the volume to 80%, 60%, or 40% of the standard. A constant weight of cereal was provided in an opaque container and participants poured the amount they wanted into a bowl, added fat-free milk and non-calorie sweetener as desired, and consumed as much as they wanted. Results from a mixed linear model showed that as flake size was reduced, subjects poured a smaller volume of cereal, but still took a greater amount by weight and energy content (both P<0.0001). Despite these differences, subjects estimated that they had taken a similar number of calories of all versions of the cereal. They ate most of the cereal they took, so as flake size was reduced, breakfast energy intake increased from 286±18 to 358±19 kcal, an increase of 34±7% (P<0.0001). These findings demonstrate that variations in food volume associated with the size of a food’s individual pieces affect the portion served, which in turn affects energy intake.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Cereal Volume Affect the Amount Selected and Eaten for Breakfast

Rolls¹,

Meengs²,

Roe³

2014

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

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show abstract

“…Amount of food consumed was recorded in a wide variety of ways: grams (Marchiori et al 2012), ounces , kilojoules (Shah et al 2011), calories (Di Santis et al 2013), and "percentage of plate surface" . To avoid any confusion with energy intake (kilojoules), we only included amount consumed for foods that were homogenous in terms of energy density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether Smaller Plates Reduce Consumption Depends on Who's Serving and Who's Looking: A Meta-Analysis

2015

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The literature on whether varying plate size has an effect on consumption is mixed and contradictory. This meta-analysis of 56 studies from 20 papers shows that varying the size of the container holding food (e.g., plate or bowl) has a substantial effect on amount self-served and/or consumed (Cohen's d 5 .43). More generally, we found a doubling of plate size increased the amount self-served or amount consumed by 41%. Our analysis resolves the various contradictions of past reviews: we found that the plate-size effect had a substantial effect on amount self-served (d 5 .51) and on amount consumed when the portion was self-served (d 5 .70) or manipulated along with (confounded with) plate size (d 5 48). However, plate size had no effect on amount consumed when the portion size was held constant (d 5 .03). Overall, plate size had a stronger effect when participants were unaware that they were participating in a food study (d 5 .76).

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“…There is considerable evidence that smaller serving sizes significantly decrease consumption 410-413 . These studies have shown that the decrease in energy intake due to downsizing can often reach 30% change in calorie intake without generating within-meal calorie consumption 414 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research

Casazza

Brown

Astrup

et al. 2014

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

155

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Obesity is a topic on which many views are strongly held in the absence of scientific evidence to support those views, and some views are strongly held despite evidence to contradict those views. We refer to the former as “presumptions” and the latter as “myths”. Here we present nine myths and ten presumptions surrounding the effects of rapid weight loss; setting realistic goals in weight loss therapy; stage of change or readiness to lose weight; physical education classes; breast-feeding; daily self-weighing; genetic contribution to obesity; the “Freshman 15”; food deserts; regularly eating (versus skipping) breakfast; eating close to bedtime; eating more fruits and vegetables; weight cycling (i.e. yo-yo dieting); snacking; built environment; reducing screen time in childhood obesity; portion size; participation in family mealtime; and drinking water as a means of weight-loss. For each of these, we describe the belief and present evidence that the belief is widely held or stated, reasons to support the conjecture that the belief might be true, evidence to directly support or refute the belief, and findings from randomized controlled trials, if available. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these determinations, conjecture on why so many myths and presumptions exist, and suggestions for limiting the spread of these and other unsubstantiated beliefs about obesity domain.

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Container size influences snack food intake independently of portion size

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

Variations in Cereal Volume Affect the Amount Selected and Eaten for Breakfast

Variations in Cereal Volume Affect the Amount Selected and Eaten for Breakfast

Whether Smaller Plates Reduce Consumption Depends on Who's Serving and Who's Looking: A Meta-Analysis

Weighing the Evidence of Common Beliefs in Obesity Research

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