Contagious equine metritis: effect of intrauterine inoculation of tiny colony forms in pony mares

Sp, Sahu; Weber, S.

doi:10.1136/vr.110.11.250

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The same strain of CEMO at a higher in vitro passage level had previously been used to transmit CEM to a group of experimental pony mares [14]. Whilst the challenge dose may possibly have been sub-liminal for the cat, this was thought unlikely as it closely approximated those used in other transmission experiments in which CEM was successfully reproduced [6,19,20]. In an earlier study in which evidence of dose-dependency had been noted, the inoculum contained approximately 10 4 fewer organisms [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst the challenge dose may possibly have been sub-liminal for the cat, this was thought unlikely as it closely approximated those used in other transmission experiments in which CEM was successfully reproduced [6,19,20]. In an earlier study in which evidence of dose-dependency had been noted, the inoculum contained approximately 10 4 fewer organisms [19]. The variability in response of individual cats observed in the present study was considered primarily attributable to intrinsic host factors, since the route of challenge, stage of sexual development and in the female, stage of the oestrous cycle at time of exposure, were regarded as optimal for the successful transmission of CEMO.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses of the cats to rechallenge with CEMO can be compared with those reported in mares following experimental reexposure to the organism. Sahu et al [19] and Timoney et al [21] successfully reinfected pony mares using large inocula. Clinical, bacteriological and serological responses were less than those originally observed after primary challenge and evidence was detected of local immunity in the genital tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical, bacteriological and serological responses were less than those originally observed after primary challenge and evidence was detected of local immunity in the genital tract. Failure to reestablish infection in one of the female cats after rechallenge is not regarded as reflective of dose-dependency [19] since the inoculum contained in excess of l0 II organisms. The presence of residual local immunity in this cat following primary challenge 72 days earlier, though unconfirmed, would appear a more likely explanation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmissibility of the contagious equine metritis organism for the cat

Timoney

Shin

Lein

et al. 1984

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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A group of SPF cats were moderately susceptible to the causal organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM) following intra-uterine or intrapreputial challenge with an Irish streptomycin resistant strain isolated from a clinically infected mare. Subclinical infections were established in only 50% of the cats, none of which became long-term carriers of the organism. Cytological examination of vaginal smears was of no diagnostic value in confirming infection in inapparently infected cats. Bacteriological responses after primary or secondary challenge with the CEM organism were essentially similar, with one exception, a female cat in which there was possible evidence of local immunity persisting after the primary infection. Efforts to reactivate shedding subsequent to the immediate post-challenge period were unsuccessful. Throughout the experimental period, the cats remained sero-negative to the complement-fixation test, and they failed to develop any significant increase in the levels of antibody activity as measured by the kinetics-based ELISA or KELA system. On day 89 after primary challenge, the cats were euthanized and various sites in the genitourinary tract and the internal iliac lymphatic glands subjected to bacteriological and pathological examination for evidence of CEM infection with negative results. The findings of this study, although establishing the transmissibility of the CEM organism for the cat, demonstrate the limited value of this species as an experimental model system for the disease in the horse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transmissibility of the contagious equine metritis organism for the cat

Timoney

Shin

Lein

et al. 1984

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…Clinically, there is temporary infertility in mares and a mucopurulent vaginal discharge that lasts for two to three weeks. The organism can be recovered from some mares for about three months after clinical recovery-the clitoris is an important site of persistence of the organism [5,11,141. Although transmission is by genital contact, no clinical abnormality is observed in stallions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lesions of Contagious Equine Metritis in Mares

Acland

Kenney

1983

Vet Pathol

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Abstract. Twenty-three mares were infected with contagious equine metritis organism by intrauterine inoculation, and necropsied after intervals of two to 116 days. Severe diffuse subacute salpingitis was seen in one mare, and mild multifocal subacute salpingitis was common. Severe diffuse endometritis and cervicitis initially were acute and became more severe, subacute and predominantly plasmacytic by 14 days, then declined but persisted as mild diffuse or multifocal inflammation for the rest of the experimental period. Vaginitis arose in parallel but resolved after 70 days. There were no lesions in the clitoral fossa or clitoral sinus.Contagious equine metritis is a disease that came to world attention in 1977 because of its occurrence at horse stud farms in Newmarket, England [7]. The cause is infection with a microaerophilic coccobacillus provisionally named Haemophilus equigenitalis [ 131. Clinically, there is temporary infertility in mares and a mucopurulent vaginal discharge that lasts for two to three weeks. The organism can be recovered from some mares for about three months after clinical recovery-the clitoris is an important site of persistence of the organism [5,11, 141. Although transmission is by genital contact, no clinical abnormality is observed in stallions.In the acute phase of the disease, gross lesions have been described as endometrial congestion with clear mucoid material in the lumen [6], pyomucometra [lo], complete sloughing of the endometrium [2], edema and hyperemia of the cervix [4]. Microscopic lesions in two pony mares killed four and seven days after experimental infection were mild acute inflammation of fimbriae of the fallopian tubes, widespread acute erosive endometritis and subacute vaginitis [6]. Lesions have been described [9] in uterine biopsy specimens taken from ten naturally infected thoroughbreds two to 205 days after service and one experimentally infected pony sampled at intervals over 37 days. These were proliferation of luminal epithelial cells two to 22 days after infection, intercellular vacuolation of the basal region of the luminal epithelium observable at two to 37 days, stromal mononuclear infiltrations that included many plasma cells, and stromal neutrophilic leukocyte infiltrations that were marked at 330

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