Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and its current picture in Pakistan: a review

Abstract

Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) is caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) which belongs to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, a group of five closely related Mycoplasmas, pathogenic to ruminants. The true lesions of CCPP are restricted to the alveolar tissues of infected goats, which distinguish it from other respiratory diseases of small ruminants caused by members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. The typical signs of CCPP are an accumulation of pleural fluid, unilateral hepatisation, adhesions, pleurisy and pleuropneumonia which clearly differentiate it from "MAKePS" syndrome caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc). The available literature on CCPP shows that so far in Pakistan, the true causative agent (Mccp) of this disease has only been isolated in the Pashin District of Balochistan and that the disease is more frequently confused with other respiratory diseases of goat caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. The lack of suitable techniques and extensive knowledge in the field is a big limitation for the isolation and characterisation of Mccp from prevailing CCPP-like cases in the goat population of Pakistan.

Development and Evaluation of an Immuno-Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Quantify the Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) Protein in Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) Vaccine

“…CCPP symptoms are similar to those of other small ruminant diseases and a differential diagnostic has to be made from Pasteurellosis and Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR). CCPP causes major economic losses in goat production in the infected African, Asian, and Middle Eastern countries where the disease is endemic [7,9]. Morbidity and mortality rates can reach 100% and 60-70%, respectively, particularly in naive flocks [7,9].…”

“…CCPP causes major economic losses in goat production in the infected African, Asian, and Middle Eastern countries where the disease is endemic [7,9]. Morbidity and mortality rates can reach 100% and 60-70%, respectively, particularly in naive flocks [7,9]. e distribution of CCPP disease is not well established, but the clinical disease has been reported in more than 30 countries in Africa and Asia [10,11].…”

Diseases of Free-Ranging Snow Leopards and Primary Prey Species

“…Limiting other controllable stressors (such as human disturbance) and whenever possible maximizing genetic variability of small fragmented populations through enhanced subpopulation connectivity are also recommended to reduce disease susceptibility (Lafferty and Gerber, 2002). vaccination of livestock is frequently not available (e.g., sarcoptic mange) or inefficacious (CCPP vaccination in Pakistan; Samiullah, 2013), and when efficiently implemented, may further enhance encroachment of livestock into wild ungulate habitat and nutritional competition as a consequence of increased livestock survival and productivity. Therefore unless implemented in combination, health managers should tend to prioritize measures that limit contact between livestock and wild ungulates rather than prophylactic actions on livestock.…”

Mycoplasmosis in Small Ruminants in India: A Review

“…Also occurrence of CCPP in surrounding states like Himachal Pradesh, Punjab (Walker, 1914; or neighboring countries like China ), Pakistan (Awan et al, 2010Samiullah, 2013), Afghanistan and Tajikistan (Peyraud et al, 2014) can influence occurrence in this region being in close proximity. Occurrence of CCPP in surrounding wild animal species can also be a reason (Yu et al, 2013).…”